AP Psych Research Methods

Experiment

Researchers manipulate an independent variable (IV) to observe its effect on a dependent variable (DV).

Look for random assignment, control groups, or a placebo.

Correlational Study

Examines the relationship between two variables without manipulation.

Look for terms like "associated with," "related to," or a correlation coefficient.

Naturalistic Observation

Observing behavior in a real-world setting without interference.

Look for "observing," "recording," or "natural environment."

Case Study

In-depth analysis of one individual or a small group.

Look for a focus on a "unique" subject or a very long-term, detailed history.

Meta-Analysis

A statistical procedure that combines data from many different studies to find overall trends.

Longitudinal Study

Longitudinal studies follow the same individuals over a long time.

Cross-Sectional Study

Cross-sectional studies compare different groups at one point in time.