chapter 7: structure of nervous system

main components of CNS

brain and spinal cord

main components of PNS

nerves and ganglia

- somatic PNS: spinal nerves and motor nerves (voluntary movement)

- parasympathetic PNS: involuntary actions (internal organs, blood vessels, glands)

cerebrum

CNS; largest and frontal part of brain; two hemispheres

cerebellum

little brain; movement control center and connects cerebrum to spinal cord

brainstem

relays info from cerebrum to spinal cord and cerebellum; controlls breathing, consciousness, body temp; has 12 cranial nerves

parts of spinal cord

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccyx (1)

how do spinal cords relay info

- signals to spinal cord via dorsal root ganglia

- signals from spinal cord via ventral root ganglia

what are the meninges

(outer) dura mater: leather like covering around brain and spinal cord

arachnoid membrane: spider web

CSF

(inner) pia mater: thin membrane with many blood vessels that adheres to brain

what are the components of the ventricular system of brain

1. lateral ventricles

2. third ventricle

3. cerebral aqueduct

4. fourth ventricle

neurulation

development of nervous system

layers of flat disk that your brain starts out as

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

what does the endoderm turn into

internal organs

waht does the mesoderm turn into

bones and muscle

what does your ectoderm turn into

neural crest and neural tube

what are the 3 primary brain vesicles

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

What does the prosencephalon divide into?

telencephalon and diencephalon

What does the telencephalon become?

cerebrum

What does the diencephalon become?

thalamus and hypothalamus

What does the mesencephalon become?

midbrain, cerebral aqueduct, tectum, tegmentum

What does the rhombencephalon divide into?

cerebellum, pons, medulla

cerebral cortex

system that governs the process of sensation, perception, voluntary movement, learning, speech, and cognition (high level functions)

- has pyramidal cells

NO CELLS IN FIRST LAYER

what does the neural crest turn into

PNS

what does the neural tube turn into

CNS