2 Main Points

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Nutrients include__?

kilocalories (kcal)

The energy value of foods is measured in

plant products

Carbohydrates are obtained primarily from ___?

liver

Absorbed monosaccharides other than glucose are converted to glucose by the___?

cellular fuel

Monosaccharides are used primarily for __?

triglycerides

Most dietary lipids are __?

animal products, tropical oils, and hydrogenated oils

The primary sources of saturated fats are__?

plant products, nuts, and cold-water fish

unsaturated fats are present in__?

egg yolk, meats, and milk products.

The major sources of cholesterol are__?

essential fatty acids

Linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3) acids are __?

Triglycerides function

provide reserve energy, cushion body organs, and insulate the body.

Phospholipids

______ are used to synthesize plasma membranes and myelin.

all essential amino acids

Animal products contain __?

the essential amino acids

Most plant products lack one or more of

Amino acids

_______ are the structural building blocks of the body

all essential amino acids are present and sufficient carbohydrate calories are available to produce ATP.

Protein synthesis can and will occur if __?

protein synthesis equals protein loss

Nitrogen balance occurs when ___?

0.8

A dietary intake of ___ g of protein per kg of body weight is recommended for most healthy adults.

coenzymes

Vitamins act as ___?

D , K , B

vitamins __ and the __ and __ vitamins made by enteric bacteria, (not made in body)

B and C

Water-soluble vitamins __?

A, D, E, and K

Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins __?

Mineralize bone

Minerals are used to __?

mineral toxicity

Mineral uptake and excretion are carefully regulated to prevent __?

K

all but vitamin __ are stored and can accumulate to toxic amounts.

meats, vegetables, nuts, and legumes.

The richest sources of minerals are some __?