Behavioral Action of Drugs - Exam 4

PCP and Ketamine

NDMA receptor antagonist, dopamine reuptake inhibitor, nicotinic receptor antagonism

Typical dose of LSD is

0.05-0.1mg

All opiates/opioids are transformed into __________ at some point in the body

morphine

_______________ and _______________ are synthetic forms of THC, and are FDA approved to treat nausea and vomiting with chemotherapy, and wasting syndrome in HIV/AIDS

Nabilone/Cesamet ; Dronabinol/Marinol

K2 and Spice are brand names for

synthetic marijuana

Cross tolerance to other opioids occurs for

all opioids

___________is a schedule 2 drug, less potent than phencyclidine/PCP, and is used as an anesthetic in children

Ketamine

________ is the most abundant opiate found in opium, used in patient controlled analgesia

Morphine

________ primary active drug in hallucinogenic mushrooms

Psilocybin

___________ was the first state to legalize medical marijuana, in 1996

California

Tolerance to opioids can build up to such a high level that doses for chronic users could

kill a non-addict

Dr. Leary started the Harvard psychedelic drug research program after

traveling to Mexico and using mushrooms with the indigenous people

Drug seeking behavior and planning ways to get more PCP is mediated by

increased dopamine in the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortexes

______________ is the primary psychoactive drug in ayahuasca

Dimethyltryptamine/DMT

__________- has the most impact on dopamine besides PCP and ketamine

LSD

____________ is low in psychoactive properties and can prevent the development of psychotic symptoms in people who that is normally exacerbated by THC. It may also increase cannabinoid receptors and increase other psychoactive properties of THC.

Cannabinol

Marijuana reduces pain because

the cannabinoids bind to the mu opioid receptor.

Heroin is a

prodrug

Tolerance to LSD occurs because

5HT-2A receptors are downregulated

Synesthesia occurs during LSD and is described as

tasting colors

What country supplies most of the world's opium?

Afghanistan

PCP is prescribed as a ____________, even though it is dangerous and a schedule II drug.

veterinary tranquilizer

____________- is an opioid but not an opiate.

Methadone

PCP causes (3 things):

stupor, violence, and feelings of invulnerability.

Cannabis is the highest protein binding percentage:

99%.

PCP inhibits p450 2C, marijuana is metabolized by p450 2C. If someone did both drugs at the same time (like in a sherm stick), there would be more ____________ in the system because there would be _________________________________.

cannabinoids ; decreased metabolism of marijuana

The primary neurotransmitter system used with the hallucinogens like psilocybin and mescaline is ______. They have cortical to ______________ effects instead of cortical to limbic effects.

serotonin ; cortical

Sensimilla is marijuana that is from __________________ and higher ______________________.

the female plant only ; in THC concentrations

LSD was marketed as__________ to help psychiatrists better understand hallucinogens in schizophrenia.

Delysid

Cheese is made from (3 things)

heroin, acetaminophen, and diphenhydramine

_______ and _______ are the most important opioid receptors used in pain reduction and addiction

Mu ; zeta

Marijuana causes _________________________________________ which leads to decreased memory

downregulation/decreased sensitivity of receptors in the hippocampus

Huxley, Ginsberg, and Kesey all wrote famous things while

using peyote

Fentanyl is _____ as potent as heroin and____ as potent as morphine, it is often used as a transdermal patch that may be sold as chicklets.

50x ; 100x

Bioavailability of marijuana is higher for heavy users than for occasional users, highest bioavailability of THC occurs when

you smoke the entire joint in one puff

C fibers react to pain caused by

heat or chemical stimuli

Opiate triad

respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, sedation

LSD is administered through what route?

orally

________ is NOT the most dangerous opioid.

Heroin

________________ is helpful in reducing psychotic symptoms, decreasing seizures in epilepsy, and relieving anxiety.

Cannabidiol

________________ is the primary active drug in peyote

Mescaline

What is the percentage increase in use of prescription painkillers over the past 10 years?

300%

________________ are associated with Aztec god xochipilli (prince of flowers), made a weak tea, saw visions of things dancing around her

Mushrooms

Methadone

full opioid receptor agonist, long half-life, and reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings, used in detox programs

Most THC in cannabis sativa (order of plant):

flowering tops>bracts>leaves>stems>roots>seeds

_______________ exerts its effects through retrograde transmission, lipid soluble and can seep through vesicles trying to carry it, neurons make it as needed

Anandamine

Main positive side effects of marijuana (7):

relaxation, happiness, social, in tune with senses, munchies, deep conversations and thoughts, understanding other people better

Acetaminophen is a

non-opioid pain reliever

What has the lowest potential to cause physical dependency?

Mescaline

Order of heroin synthesis:

opium --> morphine --> heroin

William Shakespeare is likely to have

smoked marijuana