Radiology Exam 3 Study Guide

This set of flashcards covers critical radiology concepts, positioning, views, and practices as outlined in the study guide.

What is the most commonly used pelvis view in radiology?

Ventrodorsal (VD) extended-leg view

How should the hindlimbs be positioned for a VD extended pelvis?

Legs extended caudally, parallel, rotated medially

Where is the central ray for a lateral pelvis?

Greater trochanter

What is the cranial border for a lateral pelvis?

Wing of the ilium

Which view requires medial femoral rotation?

VD extended-leg pelvis

What view should be used if a patient cannot extend its legs?

VD frog-leg view

What condition is evaluated by the OFA?

Hip dysplasia

How many radiologists are involved in the OFA evaluation?

3

At what age can a patient be certified by the OFA?

24 months

Which breeds are typically evaluated for Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) disease?

Small/toy breeds

How is the lateral femur positioned for radiology?

Affected limb down, opposite limb pulled away

What is the central ray for lateral femur imaging?

Midshaft

Which view reduces distortion at the stifle?

Craniocaudal

Where should measurements be taken on the CrCd femur?

Mid-femur

What borders define the lateral stifle?

Distal 1/3 femur to proximal 1/3 tibia

What is the tip for obtaining a true lateral stifle?

Superimpose femoral condyles

When are joints flexed at 90°?

During trauma/ligament cases, TPLOs, etc.

What is the central ray for tibia/fibula imaging?

Midshaft

How should the alignment of the calcaneus appear?

Straight and centered

What borders are included in the lateral foot view?

Include metatarsals and phalanges (hock joint, distal border is the tips of the phalanges)

What are the regions included in a spinal survey?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

Where is the center for a lateral cervical view?

C3-C4 intravertebral space

How can the disc space be improved in a VD view?

Cranial angulation (extending head and neck)

What can be done to prevent sag during imaging?

Use foam support

Where should the measurement for thoracic lateral imaging be taken?

Caudal scapula (widest part of chest)

What is the central ray for thoracolumbar imaging?

T13–L1

What is the caudal border for lumbar imaging?

Sacrum (lumbosacral junction or wings of the ilium)

At what angle should the lumbosacral junction be positioned?

20-30° cranially

Why is an enema performed before imaging?

To reduce fecal material

How should the tail be positioned for radiology?

Straight caudally

Why is it necessary to fast birds prior to imaging?

To reduce GI content and to empty the crop to prevent pressure on air sacs

Where is the central ray for an avian lateral view?

Caudal to keel (sternum)

How should tape be removed from birds after imaging?

With feather growth

Which species is associated with dental elongation?

Rabbits

Why is sedation used in rabbits during imaging?

To reduce stress and prevent spinal fractures

How are limbs positioned for VD exotics imaging?

Limbs extended

What is the preferred lateral position for exotics?

Right lateral

What is the challenge presented by chelonians (turtles) during imaging?

Their shell

What reflex is exhibited by lizards during handling?

Tonic immobility or Vagal-sympathetic reflex

What is the standard view for snakes?

Lateral

Which view is commonly used for amphibians?

DV (Dorsoventral)

What is important for protecting fish skin during imaging?

Keep wet or wrapped in a wet, lint free cloth

What anesthetic agent is used for fish?

MS-222

What is the purpose of using contrast in imaging?

To enhance visibility

What contrast agent is used for GI studies?

Barium sulfate

What is a radiolucent contrast?

Gas

What is a contraindication for using barium?

Perforation – Gases (air, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide)

What is an advantage of using nonionic contrast agents?

They have fewer reactions.

What is the preparation required for a GI study?

Fasting for 12-24 hours ± enema

Which drug should be avoided during imaging preparation?

Anticholinergics (e.g., atropine) or opioids