AP Psych Unit 5

Distress

negative stress, debilitating

Eustress

positive stress, motivating

Health psychology

Study of how biological, social, psychological factors influence health/illness

Stress

Physical/psychological response to events changing normal functions

Stressors

Any physical or psychological challenge threating function

Stress triggers

A physiological (BODY) and psychological (emotion)

What are physical stressors caused by?

internal bodily presses like injuries

Psychological stressors caused by what?

External relationship/conflicts

Psychological stressors affect what?

Mood, immune system

CHronic stress leads to what?

prolonged activation of stress response

Hypothalamus

Perceives threats/acts, sends message to release hormones

ANS

increases activation to prepare fight or flight

Cortisol

Increases SNS activity

Epinephrine

Stimulates heart rate, oxygen consumption, prepares body to respond

General adaptation syndrome phase 1

Alarm, SNS activates, hormones released

General adaptation syndrome phase 2

Resistance, alarm phase active, small things make you more stressed

General adaptation syndrome phase 3

exhaustion, physical problems

Psychoneuroimmunology

pyshological study of how the relationship among nervous/endocrine system on immune system

Emotional responses to stress

responses to stress are accompanies by negative emotions

Stress coping

ways internal/external stress is managed, adapted, or acted upon

Appraisal/reappraisal

look at stressor for second time for different response

Ignore stressor

can lead to long-term consequences

Problem solving

identify problem, explain, create plan

Cognitive restructuring

change view of the situation from negative to positive

Self-regulation

focus on values, not negative feeling/mood

Support from others

seek emotional support

Visualization and guided imagery

creating detailed mental image of peaceful setting

Altruism

do something nice

Abnormal psychology

study of unusual patterns of behaviors, emotions, thoughts, which could be understood as mental illness

Pinel’s contribution?

Insisted madness not to demons, reformed treatment of mental disorders

Dix’s contribution

did same thing as Pinel

5 parts of medical model

etiology, course, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis

Diathesis-Stress model

stress triggers disorder w/ diathesis, diathesis genetic predistortion, stress=environment

mental disorders may

violate a cultural standard, occcur as emotional distress, include behaviors thats self-destructive

Protective factors for mental disorders

easy termperment, supportive parenting

DSM 5

classifies disorder, manual that lists 541 diagnosis, most widly used

4 D’s

deviant (Violates norm), distressing, dysfunctional, dangerous

Problem with DSM-5

overdiagnosis, powerful, confusion of mental disorders w/ normal things, illusion of objectivity

positive of diagnostic labels

Help health care professionals when communicating about established therapy

Negative of diagnostic labels

may lead to self-fulfilling prophecy, can determine how persons percieved

Medical/biological model

View abnormal behavior as an illness brought by genetics or evolution

Psychodynamic model

behavior determined by underlying forces, not concious

behavioral model

believe our actions determined by experiences, response

Cognitive model

abnormal behavior is caused by faulty cognition

Biopsychocosocial model

abnormality results from interaction of genetic, biological, development, emotinoal, behavioral, cognitive, social, cultural influces

Stigma

sociate disapproval/judgement of person w/ mental illness

Effects of stigma?

refusual to receive treatment, social, isolation, distorted perception of it

Continuous

uncontrollable worry occuring with no cause, 6+ month

Symptoms of anxiety disorders

restless, sleep disturbance

Phobias

intense irrational fear response to stimuli

social anxiety

fear of being humiliated in front of others

Panic disorder

experience of a sudden, fear response in absence of realistic threat

GAD

being worried and fearful of many things

OCD

person has reoccuring and unwanted thoughts, a need to preform repattive action

Anterior cingulate cortex

oceractive, obsessions cs compulsive behavior

Hoarding disorder

difficult discarding posessions regardless of value, leading to accumulation of items that interfere with function