NUTR 202 Module 10- Minerals

inorganic nutrients

Minerals are __________________ _________________ that are essential in deit

macro and micro

Two types of minerals:

MORE than 100 mg per day

Macro minerals recommended intake is:

LESS than 100 mg per day

Microminerals recommended intake is:

Calcium

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

skeleton or teeth

99% of calcium is found in:

Vitamin and PTH

What two things regulate blood levels of calcium?

Vitamin C, Calcium

Bones need ______________ for collagen fibers and ______________ for hydroxyapatite

enters muscle cells, initiates contraction

What is calcium's role in muscle contraction?

release of neurotransmitters, regulates Na and K levels across membrane

What is calcium's role in conduction of nerve impulses?

Diet with enough Calcium and Vit. D, exercise, avoid smoking, limit alcohol

Osteoporosis prevention (opposite of each of these would be risk factors)

second messenger

Calcium plays an important role in hormone regulation. It often acts as a ______________________________, amplifying the hormone's message

Converts prothrombin into thrombin (thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin)

How does calcium assist in blood clotting? (Think enzymes)

pre-eclampsia (can lead to eclampsia which causes seizures)

Calcium helps lower blood pressure. Pregnant women with high blood pressure are at risk for __________________________, which is characterized by headache, fatigue, protein in urine, and high blood pressure.

It is converted to calcitriol

What happens to vitamin D when PTH is released?

Tell intestines/kidneys to reabsorb more calcium, release more calcium from bone

Calcitriol and PTH increase blood calcium levels in 2 ways:

Phytates

Some plant-based foods contain a compound called ____________________, which binds Ca, Zn, and Fe making them unavailable to cells

1,000 mg or 1 g per day

RDA for calcium for adults under 50:

1,200 mg or 1.2 g per day

RDA of calcium for females over age of 50 (and males over 70)

1,300 mg or 1.3 g per day

RDA of calcium for adolescents:

Phosphorus

After calcium, what is the next most abundant mineral in the body?

bones

85% of phosphorus is in our ___________. The rest is in tissues

-bones/teeth
-enzyme function
-ATP
-DNA/RNA
-Phospholipids
-Acid-base buffer

What are the 6 functions of phosphorus we discussed in lecture? (B, E, A, DR, P, AB)

700 mg per day

RDA for adults for phosphorus:

False

Phosphorus deficiency is COMMON. T/F?

meat, eggs, dairy

Phosphorus is mostly found in:

Magnesium

The macromineral found in the smallest amount in the body is:

soft tissue and body fluids

Most magnesium is in the bone. The rest is in ________________ and _________________

Muscle contraction (calcium does this)

Which of the following is NOT a role of magnesium in the body?
-Makes up hydroxyapetite
-DNA and RNA intergrity
-ATP stabilization
-Muscle relaxation
-Muscle contraction

400 mg per day for men, 320 mg per day for women

Magnesium RDA:

Sulfur

________________ used be used as a remedy for skin conditions and parasitic infections

Methionine and Cysteine (and also gluthathione)

In which amino acids is sulfur stored in the body?

None

Are there deficiency conditions associated with sulfur?

biotin, thiamin

Sulfur is found in protein foods, ____________ and ____________, plant-based foods, and is also added to other foods as a preservative

High fructose corn syrup

Which of the following is NOT a common form of a sulfite?
-Sulfur dioxide
-Potassium bisulfite
-Potassium metabisulfite
-High fructose corn syrup
-Sodium bisulfite
-Sodium metabisulfite, -sodium sulfite

True

T/F: Iron is stored in the body in 2-4 gram amounts

Iron deficiency

What mineral deficiency is most common worldwide?

delivering O2 to tissues (found in the center of a hemoglobin molecule)

Function of iron:

% of blood composed of RBCs

Hematocrit testing screens for anemia. It shows:

amount of ferritin (protein containing iron) in your blood

Ferritin testing screens for anemia. It shows:

amount of iron that transferrin is transporting in blood

Transferrin saturation testing screens for anemia. It shows:

Heme iron, non-heme iron

___________ iron is found in meats, fish, and poultry, while ___________________ iron is found in plant-based and enriched foods (less readily absorbed)

Phenomenon that meat, poultry, and fish enhance non-heme iron absorption

What is the MFP- meat, fish, and poultry factor?