Week 1: Pain and Comfort

What are the four components of Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model?

Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reflecting

is tanners model responding in action or on action?

in action

is tanner model reflecting in action or on action

on action

what are the steps of the nursing process?

assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate

What is the first step in the Nursing Process?

Assess: gather information and review

How long does chronic pain last?

More than 3 months

What is the definition of pain?

An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

What is the most common reason for seeking health care?

Pain

What classification of pain is associated with sudden onset and associated with an event or illness?

Acute pain

what are the types of pain classification?

nocireceptive and neuropathic, may also be classified by location of etiology: idiopathic

What are some populations at risk for pain?

Infants, older adults, hospitalized patients

what is the alpha prioritization of nursing?

A: airway

B: breathing

C: cirulation

D: disability

E: exposure

F: fluids and electrolyes

G: goals of care

where does pain fall into the ABCDEFG prioritization?

D: disability

What is the best strategy for pain management?

Prevention

What does OLDCARTS stand for in pain assessment?

Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Treatment, Severity

what are 3 key aspects of clinical management?

primary prevention

secondary prevention

clinical interventions

what do we give for mild pain:

non-opioids like tylenol and NSAIDs

what do we give for mild to moderate pain

weak opioids like codeine and tramadol

what do we give for moderate to severe pain

strong opioids like morphine, oxycodone

what do we give for sever pain

interventional treatments like never block, epidural, TAP

What is breakthrough pain?

An exacerbation of pain in a patient who has adequately controlled baseline pain.

how do we treat breakthrough pain

fast acting, short duration analegesic used for management, often PRN medications

What is the prototype drug for opioid pain management?

Morphine

What is the antidote for opioid overdose?

Naloxone (Narcan)

What are some non-pharmacological pain management techniques?

Massage, acupuncture, application of heat/cold, guided imagery, relaxation breathing

What is the purpose of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?

To allow patients to manage their own pain relief within prescribed limits.

What should be documented after pain management interventions?

The intervention and the results of pain management

What is one myth about pain management?

Patients with minor illnesses have less pain than those with severe physical alterations.

What is the role of psychosocial interventions in pain management?

To address emotional and psychological factors affecting pain perception.

What are some factors that influence pain perception?

Past experience, anxiety, learned responses, depression, age, sex, genetics

What is the significance of comfort rounding in clinical outcomes?

It improves patient safety, satisfaction, and nursing efficiency.

What is the importance of assessing barriers to pain management?

To understand and address factors that prevent effective pain relief.

What is the goal of planning in the Nursing Process?

To set goals to solve the identified problem.

What should be included in the evaluation of pain management?

Determining the outcome of goals and what, if anything, needs to be changed.

What is the difference between nociceptive and neuropathic pain?

Nociceptive pain is caused by tissue damage, while neuropathic pain is caused by nerve damage.

What is the role of education in pain management?

To inform patients about pain scales and how to utilize assessment tools.

What is the significance of understanding pharmacology in pain management?

To manage side effects and ensure effective pain relief.

What is an example of a clinical intervention for pain management?

Pharmacotherapy with opioids, NSAIDs, or anesthetics.