APES 22-24

Natural increase

More births than deaths - causes urban area to grow

Immigration

Rural people coming to urban areas- causes urban area to grow

Megacities or meglapolises

Cities with 10 million or more ppl

Hypercities

Cities with 20 million or more ppl

Exurbs

Vast areas of land with out any social or economic zones.

Urban sprawl

Growth of development on the edges of cities and towns.

resulting in hodgepodge of civilization

Heat Island

Heat bubble almost in urban dwellings and its surrounded by cooler areas (suburban areas and rural areas)

these make it hard for air to be diluted and filtered

Slums

Urban unsanitary areas where lots of people semi or permanently live -Dharavi in Mumbai largest slum

Squatter settlements

people take over unoccupied land without the owner's permission because it is their only option for survival.

Land Planning

Used to plan how land will be used in the present and in the future

Zoning

Chunks of land that are designated for certain uses.

Urban growth boundaries

Lines around communities to allow no urban development outside the boundaries

Municipal parks

Way to preserve significant blocks of open space

Cluster development

High density housing usings with lots of land for open space

Natural capital

Resources and services earth provides

Human Capital/ Resource

mental talents, labor, innovation, culture, and organization

Manufactured capital/ manfatured resouces

Machinery, equipment, factores

Full cost pricing

When prices of good and services include direct and indirect costs.

Ecological economists

Economic systems are subsystems of the biosphere and they depend on natural resources which are limited.

Neoclassical economists

Earth’s natural capital is apart of the economy.

And that products or services have no value until sold in the market and because economical services are not sold they have no value.

Existence value

Value of the thing itself even if we never see it or use it.

Bequest value

Willingness to protect something for the next generations.

Humility principle

Understanding nature and how actions affect it is limited.

Reversibility principle

Don’t take actions that cannot be reversed.

Precautionary principle