WEBD-220 Unit 2: Front-end Development Using HTML

Vocabulary flashcards covering markup languages, HTML elements, attributes, forms, and HTTP request methods based on the WEBD-220 module notes.

Markup language

A system for annotating a document in a way that is visually distinguishable from the content, used by a computer to understand the style and structure of the document.

Annotation

Extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information.

HTML

The Hypertext Markup Language; the most popular type of markup language used to define the structure of a web document.

XML

Short for eXtensible Markup Language; a markup language used to complement HTML that uses nodes (elements of data) instead of tags.

XHTML

eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language; a merger between HTML and XML created because both were required for a convenient result.

HTML Element

Individual components used to enclose, wrap, or mark up different parts of content to make it appear or act in a certain way.

HTML Tags

Coded commands enclosed in a pair of angle brackets ($<$ and $>$) that tell the web browser what kind of text a piece of content is and what to do with it.

A declaration that defines the document as an HTML5 document and instructs the browser about what type and version to expect.

The root element of an HTML page that contains all content and structure between its opening and closing tags.

An element that contains meta information about the HTML page.

An element that specifies a title for the HTML page to be displayed in the browser's title bar or tab.

Represents the content of an HTML document; it acts as a container for all visible contents rendered on web browsers.

Opening tag (OT)

Indicates the start of an HTML command and marks where the element begins to take effect; it always begins with $<$ and ends with $>$.

Closing tag (CT)

Indicates the end of an HTML command; it always begins with $</$ and ends with $>$, with the name preceded by a forward slash.

Nesting elements

A technique in which elements are placed within other elements, requiring them to be closed in the reverse order they were opened.

Empty tag

A tag that issues an HTML command without enclosing any text, such as
or .

Block-level elements

Structural elements that form a visible block on a page, appearing on a new line following the preceding content and causing following content to start on a new line.

Inline elements

Elements contained within block-level elements that surround only small parts of content and do not cause a new line to appear in the document.

HTML Comments

Text added between opening $<!--$ and closing $-->$ that is not rendered by browsers; used to describe code or provide details for developers.

Whitespace

Line breaks or spaces added to an HTML document for organization and readability; generally ignored by the browser.

HTML Attributes

Features or additional information added to the opening tag of an element, usually in name="value" pairs, to configure it or change default behavior.

Boolean attributes

Attributes that consist of just a name without a name/value pair, such as checked, disabled, readonly, or required.

Global Attributes

General purpose attributes that can be used on the majority of HTML elements, including id, title, class, and style.

id Attribute

Used to give a unique identifier to an element within a document, facilitating selection by CSS or JavaScript.

class Attribute

Used to identify elements, but unlike id, it does not have to be unique and can be applied to multiple elements in a document.

HTML Tables

A combination of rows and columns represented by the $<table>$ element to display data or structure web pages.

colspan

An attribute indicating how many columns a cell should span; it takes any positive integer between $1$ and $1000$.

rowspan

An attribute indicating how many rows a cell should span; it takes any positive integer up to $65534$.

HTML Forms

Used to collect user input using special controls like input fields, checkboxes, and buttons, then submitting data to a web server.

Radio Buttons

Input controls that let a user select exactly one option from a pre-defined set of options.

Checkboxes

Input controls that allow a user to select one or more options from a pre-defined set of options.

GET

An HTTP method used to retrieve and request data from a specified resource in a server; all data sent is visible in the browser's address bar.

POST

An HTTP method utilized to send data to a server to create or update a resource; the data sent is not visible to the user.

PUT

An idempotent HTTP method used to send data to the server to create or update a resource, where multiple identical requests yield the same result.

HEAD

An HTTP technique that requests a response similar to GET but without a message-body, useful for recovering meta-data from headers.