ind rev and aus S1 EXAM

what was the industrial revolution

began in Britain in the mid 1700s. before this many ppl lived in rural areas and worked in farms. once machine were being made for mass production, it led to urbanisation, and transportation and economic changes.

Impacts of the industrial revolution- positive (3) and negative (4)

Positive-  

• Cities grew rapidly  

• Created many new job opportunities in factories 

• Mass production- cheaper things 

 

Negative-  

• Overcrowding in urban cities 

• Unsanitary conditions and unsanitary society 

• Rapid disease spread 

• Child labour: many children worked in unsafe conditions with dangerous machines 

the luddite movement

in the early 19th century, a group of english workers protest and destroyed machines thinking that it was a threat to their livelihood

key inventions, inventors and explain (5)

1. telegraph- Samuel Morse: made it easy to contact w long distance through morse code

2. steam engine- James Watt: powered trains, ships and factories

3. cotton gin- Eli Whitney: helped spreading cotton from seeds a lot faster

4. Power loom- Edmund Cartwright: mechanised weaving

5. Spinning jenny- James Hargreaves: allowed spinning thread faster

factory life:

working conditions-

child labour-

problems faced-

working conditions- low wages, long hours, harsh conditions, and cheaper labour for women and children

child labour- many children worked in dangerous environments, often for very low pay and long hours

problems faced- poor health due to unsafe conditions, lack of education, and exploitation by factory owners.

Why did the Industrial revolution start in Britain? (3)

1. large supply of coal which was good for factories

2. on an island so not much conflict between other countries

3. good banking system and trading companies

the assembly line

invented by henry ford so u js need to do the same think=g over and over and then pass it to the next person. easier and faster

Response to the industrial revolution  (4)

• New ideas like socialism and communism developed, arguing for fairer wealth distribution.  

• Workers began organising into trade unions to protect their rights.  

• Movements like Chartism formed, demanding political rights for working-class people (like voting rights).  

• Governments slowly introduced reforms, partly to reduce poverty

trade unions

workers formed trade unions to fight for better wages, less hours, better working conditions and for the factory owners to treat them more fairly

government reforms

fixed social and economic issues like the factory acts, child labour restrictions and working safety regulations

medical advancments

1. xray

2. thermometer

3. vaccines

4. stethoscope

5. syringe

6. anaesthesia

7. blood transfusion

indigenous life before colonisation (4)

• abos owned different parts of land

• moved seasonally and food availability

• dancing, singing, storytelling, sport, cultural ceremonies

• spiritual connection w the land

reasons for British colonisation (3)

• overcrowding due to the ind rev

• overcrowding in prisons

• aus had needed reasourses

abo perspective on colonisation (3)

• caused loss of land, disease and destruction of culture and tradition

• their land was believed to be ‘terra nullius’- no mans land, and they ignored abo laws and their connection to the land

• led to conflict, deaths and intergenerational trauma

british perspective on colonisation (3)impa

• an opportunity to expand empire, establish convict colony and gain needed resources

• land belonged to no one

• they thought they were helping the abos by showing the real lifestyle and how to be ‘civilised’

push factors (reasons ppl left home) of migration to aus (5)

• running away from crime

• poverty and unemployment

• famine

• overcrowding

• seeking safety

pull factors (reasons ppl were attracted) of migration to aus (5)

• gold rush

• job opportunities

• free/cheap land

• government assistance

• fresh start and better living conditions

the first fleet:

how and when did it arrive?

conditions of the ship?.. which led to?

death toll?

first arrived at botany bay but Arthur Phillip said it was unsuitable to dock, then arrived at Sydney cove- 26th jan 1788

little ventilation, air, or light which led to spread of disease

low death toll

second fleet:

what did the ___ (#) ships carry?

conditions were ____ _____ and death toll was _____

after legal action….

6 ships ships carried over 1000 convicts

much worse, higher

docs were put on ships to supervise and treat convicts

what did the convicts do: earlier yrs VS later\

what were the rewards for good behaiviour? (4)

what happend to bad convicts?

build roads and buildings; later worked for prived employers and farms

a ticket to leave, the abilty to earn a wage, choose their own employers, buy their own lands

whipping or sent to solitary confinement, the harshest one was called Norfolk island

interactions between abos and british (4)

• for the fisrt 12-15 months, it was peacful but then the baos realsied they were hear to stay—not to visit.

• europens pushed abos of theor land to be used for housing and farming

• conflcit became violent causing many deaths on both sides

states, capital cities, bodies of water (10)