Chapter 11 Chem Review

The SI unit of pressure is

pascals

Most manometers and barometers contain

mercury

Pressure =

force/area

The unit of pressure known as the pascal is equal to

1 N/m²

Air is about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases. After all the oxygen is removed from a sample of air in a glass tube and the temperature remains constant, the pressure exerted by the remaining air

is reduced by 21%

The law that relates the temperature and volume of a gas to each other is known as

Charles’s law

Gay-Lussac recognized that at constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products

equal R

Which of the following expressions relates the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales

K = 273.15 + C

At constant temperature and pressure, gas volume is directly proportional to the

molar mass of the gas

What is the conversion factor that should be used to determine the number of moles of a gas at STP when you are given the volume

22.4 L/1 mol

The ratios of the volumes of the gaseous reactants and products in a chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure can be determined from the

coefficients in the balanced equation

The law of combining volumes applies only to gas volumes

measured at STP

According to Avogadro’s law, 1 L of H2 and 1 L of O2 at the same temperature and pressure

contain equal numbers of molecules

The passage of gas particles through a small opening is called

effusion

Which of these gases effuses the slowest under the same conditions?

NO2

Gases tend to deviate from the ideal gas law at

high pressures

When Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes holds, which of the following can be expressed in ratios of small whole numbers

kelvin temperatures

Equal volumes of ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of

particles

At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its

number of moles

To use the ideal gas law to determine the molar mass of a gas, you

must determine the mass of a molar volume of that gas

Suppose that two unlike gases are injected into opposite ends of a long tube at the same time and allowed to diffuse toward the center. They should begin to mix

between the end where the heavier gas entered and the middle

The value of the gas constant is

0.0821 L x atm/mol x K

The ideal gas law combines Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law, and

Avogadro’s law

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas if both volume and what are constant

temperature

If a fixed quantity and volume of a gas undergoes a change in temperature, it will also experience a change in

pressure

To study teh relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas, hold the what constant

temperature

Standard pressure is the atmospheric pressure balanced by a column of mercury with a height of exactly

760 mm Hg

When the temperature of a gas remains constant, the mathematical expression of Boyle’s law is

P1V1=P2V2

The process by which gas particles under pressure flow through a tiny opening is called

effusion

The force per unit area on a surface is called

pressure

The SI unit of force is the

newton

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure is a

barometer

The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is called the what of that gas

partial pressure

If the temperature and number of moles of a gas remain constant but the volume increases, the pressure of the gas will

decrease

The lowest possible temperature, corresponding to zero on the kelvin scale, is referred to as

absolute zero

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant volume

Gay-Lussac’s law P1/T1 = P2/T2

The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature

Boyle’s law P1V1 = P2V2

At constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers

Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes 2L + 1L —> 2L

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules

Avogadro’s law V=kn

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases

Dalton’s law Patm = Pgas + PH20 PT = P1 + P2 + P3

The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is expressed by this law

combined gas law P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Pressure times volume equals molar amount times R times temperature in kelvins

ideal gas law PV = nRT

The rates of effusion of gases at the same temperature and pressure are inversely proportional to their molar gases

Graham’s law rate of effusion A/rate of effusion B = MB squared/MA squared

The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant pressure

Charles’s law V1/T1 = V2/T2