FIW

John Locke

Democratic philosopher who believed in people's rights and self-government, advocating for life, liberty, and the right to property.

Social Contract

The theory that governments are formed by the consent of the governed and that individuals have natural rights.

Thomas Hobbes

English philosopher who argued that men are not born with rights and are inherently evil, needing control by a king.

Iroquois League

A confederation of five (later six) upstate New York Indian tribes united to fight against the French and their Indian allies.

Albany Plan of Union

A rejected plan proposed in 1754 to create a mutual defense between the colonies.

Land Speculators

Individuals who buy western land, encroaching on Indian territory and contributing to conflicts like the French and Indian War.

Fort Duquesne

A French fort where George Washington and General Braddock were defeated, later becoming Fort Pitt and Pittsburgh.

French and Indian War (F&IW)

A conflict fought between Britain and France from 1754-1763, considered the first real world war.

Balance of Power

The idea that no one European country should become too powerful, leading to alliances among nations.

Edward Braddock

British general overseeing forces in North America, known for his poor tactics in guerrilla warfare.

George Washington

A young colonial general who fought for the British during the French and Indian War, gaining military experience.

Guerilla Warfare

A form of warfare characterized by sneak attacks, widely used by Native Americans and later by colonists.

William Pitt (the Elder)

British politician who played a key role in the French and Indian War, adopting a strategy to take Canada.

James Wolfe

British general who commanded forces at the Battle of Quebec and died during the battle.

Battle of Montreal (1760)

The last battle of the French and Indian War, marking a significant British victory.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

The treaty that ended the French and Indian War, with France ceding most of its North American territories.

Pontiac's Rebellion

An uprising led by the Indian chief Pontiac against British colonists encroaching on Indian land.

Proclamation Line of 1763

A boundary set by the British king to prevent colonial expansion westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

King George III

The English king during the French and Indian War and the American Revolution, often viewed as a tyrant.

George Grenville

Chancellor of the Exchequer responsible for taxing colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War.

Deficit

The amount by which revenue falls short of expenses in a given year.

Debt

The total amount owed resulting from accumulated deficits over time.