Respiratory system HESI

Functions of the nose

Warm & filter air, humidification

Where does air and food pass?

Pharynx

Larynx

Voice box. Prevents food from entering lungs

Trachea

Aka windpipe. Divides into L & R bronchi

Eppiglottis

Covers larynx during swallowing

Where does gas exchange take place?

Alveoli

Cilia

Pushes mucus & trapped particles towards pharynx

Inspiration (inhalation)

Muscles contract. The rib cage moves upwards and outwards and the diaphragm flattens. This causes the intrathoracic volume to increase and pressure to decrease

External respiration

The exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood

Internal respiration

Gas exchange between blood & the cells of the body

Aerobic respiration

Production of energy by cells in the presence of oxygen

What is the end product anaerobic respiration?

Lactic acid

What part of the brain regulates respiration?

Medulla oblongata

What carries oxygen in the blood?

Erythrocytes

When does hemoglobin release oxygen?

When there is high temp or low pH & oxygen tension.

High carbon dioxide levels lead to what?

Low pH

What is most carbon dioxide in the body in the form of?

Bicarbonate ion

Bronchi

Receives inspired air from the trachea & moves it into the bronchioles

Bronchioles

Connects bronchi to alveoli