46 Beef Herd Health Lecture 1

Hereford

What is this "Continental" "Bos Taurus" species?

Brahman

What is this "Bos indicus" cow which is heat tolerant and parasite tolerant?

Angus cow

What is this?

Limousin

What is this beef cow breed?

Black baldy (crossbreed) = angus and hereford cross

What is this beef cow breed?

Seedstock producer

What is the name of a producer of breeding stock with optimal genetic traits?

Cow-calf operation

What is the name of the management system of breeding cows that maintain a supply of weaned calves for sale?

Feedlot

What is the name of the management system of growing/fattening cattle for slaughter?

Conditioning/pre-conditioning

What is the name for the process of vaccinating, castrating, deworming weaned calves before going to feedlot?

Backgrounding

What is the name of the calf growing program between weaning and finishing ratio on feedlot?

Average daily gain

What is the measure of daily body weight change of animal on feed?

Feed conversion/feed efficiency

What is the term for units of feed consumer per unit of weight gained?

Calf crop percentage

What is the term for the number of calves produced per year relative to the number of females exposed to bulls

1. seedstock producers

2. cow calf operation

3. backgrounding

4. feedlot (finishing)

Describe the steps of beef production systems

West (kentucky and florida are only two east of mississippi in the top 10)

MAJORITY of beef production in the U.S. occurs east OR west of the mississippi river?

Hoof trimming, regulatory, dehorning (basically do not take on a client unless they have a head cute)

Why would you need chutes or tables for cows?

Heifers so you can watch them and give them additional time to breed post calving since they are still young

Which calves FIRST, about 21 days earlier than the other, cows OR heifers? Why?

February (heifers)/March (cows) thru May

About what time of year do you want cows/heifers to calf?

May to July

When do you put bulls out with heifers and cows to breed them?

Earlier for heifers, around July

Later for cows, around August

When do you pull the bull from the heifers and cows so they are no longer breeding?

October

When do you wean calves from their mothers and condition them, given they probably calved around February to May?

Feeding them

What makes up majority of production cost with cattle?

To prevent dystocia

Why do you help clients pick the bulls to breed their beef cows using EPD (expected progeny differences aka genetic predictors)?

USDA FSIS, FDA, EPA

The National Residue Program in cattle is a collaborative effort between WHAT ORGANIZATIONS to make sure cows don't have antibiotic residues in their meat?

Over the counter

What is the name for products that do NOT require a veterinary prescription for purchase or use but cannot be used extralabel unless directed by a veterinarian

Prescription

What is the name for drugs that require a VCPR and are restricted by federal law to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian?

VFD

What is the name for medication that requres a valid CVPR and is required for any medically important antibiotic that is administered via feed

Extralabel Drug Use

What is the term for the use of an approved drug in a manner that is not in accordance with the approved labeling, yet meets the conditions set forth by the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) and Food & Drug Administration (FDA) regulations?

1. prescribed by vet with valid VCPR

2. THERAPEUTIC PURPOSE ONLY

3. FDA approved drug

4. not permitted in feed for major food producing animals

Name the qualifications for ELDU drugs in food animals?

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act

What is the name of the Act that made extra-label drug use an FDA regulated veterinary activity, allowing veterinarians to prescribe extra-label uses of animal & human drugs when the health of an animal is threatened or which suffering or death may result from failure to treat animals?

OVER 2 YEAR WITHDRAWAL

Aminoglycosides like gentamicin and neomycin are allowed to be used in cattle as long as you specifically follow FDA rules. Why do lots of producers avoid them anyway?

b. chlorampenicol

c. clenbuterol

e. phenylbutazone in female dairy cows over 20 mo. of age

f. fluoroquinolones (not all of them, just ones that are NOT SPECIFICALLY LABELED)

Select which of the following are drugs which are COMPLETELY PROHIBITED FROM USE in food producing animals:

a. aminoglycosides

b. chlorampenicol

c. clenbuterol

d. flunixin meglumine

e. phenylbutazone in female dairy cows over 20 mo. of age

f. fluoroquinolones

Compounding

What is the name for the combining, mixing or altering of ingredients of a drug beyond what is described on the product label?

FDA approved drugs

AMDUCA regulations state that compounded drugs for food animals are required to be prepared from WHAT DRUGS?

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Compounding drugs in food animal is considered ELDU

It increases weaning weight from 3% to 5%.

Increases economic return

Increase average daily gain

Hormonal implants in the ear is used WHY for food animals?

Will not replace good nutrition. Do NOT use in replacement heifers (because it can impair reproduction)

Hormonal implants can help to increase economic return and increase weaning weight in beef calves. What will it NOT replace? What animals in the herd do you NOT use implants in?

Middle 1/3 of the ear

note: they cut the ear off at slaughter, so this will not affect the carcass

Where do you put implants in calves?

Estrogen or testosterone

What medications will be used in animals that have the implants in their ears?

Avoiding their use for growth promotion or feed efficiency, only used to control/prevent specific disease

What does it mean to have "judicious use of antibiotics"?

a. responsible antimicrobial stewardship

c. using accurate weight and dosing

d. using proper timing and application

f. using proper storage and handling

Which of the following apply to judicious antibiotic use:

a. responsible antimicrobial stewardship

b. using medications which are in date

c. using accurate weight and dosing

d. using proper timing and application

e. using the cheapest drug possible

f. using proper storage and handling

Call veterinarian, stop treatment, euthanasia

What should you do/consider if treatment is not successful with antibiotics in cattle?

Gunshot, penetrating captive bolt, barbiturate overdose

What are methods of euthanasia for beef cattle?

1. absence of corneal reflex

2. absence of vocalization

3. absence of gag reflex

4. lack of rhythmic respiration

5. absence of heartbeat

How do you know an animal is properly unconscious (euthanized)?

Because of prions (BSE)

Why should you not feed ruminant derived protein back to beef cattle per FDA regulations?