Crystalline vs. Amorphous Solid

According to the kinetic theory of matter; All matter is composed of particles that have a certain amount of energy to make them move at different speeds depending on?

temperature

It is the average kinetic energy of particles in

a system

Temperature

This state of matter, the intermolecular forces

between neighboring particles are

held together by strong covalent

or ionic bonding

Solid

These are noncompressible due to lack of

spaces between them

Solids

Solids have?

definite shape and volume

This state of matter can appear in two different forms;

1. Amorphous

2. Crystalline

Solids

These are solids in which the atoms,

ions, or molecules are

arranged in a definite

repeating pattern

Crystalline Solids

This type of solid is held together by uniform,

strong intermolecular forces.

Crystalline Solids

Galena, Quartza and Pyrite are all examples of?

Crystalline solids

It is the small repeating pattern in crystalline solids, made up of unique arrangement of atoms

Unit cell

It represents the structure of solids and the crystal structure can be built by piling the unit over and over

Unit cell

from the Greek words for

“without form”

this type of solid lacks the order found in

crystalline solids.

Amorphous Solids

structures of this type of solid at the atomic level is similar to the structures of liquids

Amorphous Solids

atoms, ions, or molecules

have little freedom to move

unlike in liquids, and they do not have well-defined shapes of a crystal. State which type of solid is this?

Amorphous Solids

examples: obsidian (volcanic

glass) and rubber

Amorphous Solids

It is the temperature at which a solid

loses it definite shape and is

converted to a liquid

Melting Point

It is the temperature at which liquid

changes to solid

Freezing Point

at this temperature, solid and liquid forms of a

substance are in equilibrium with each other

Melting/Freezing Point

These type of solids have a precise melting point.

crystalline solids

These types of solids melt over a wide range of temperature.

amorphous solids

molecules with a stronger interaction has a?

higher melting point

It is the quantity of heat necessary to melt a solid

Heat of Fusion

solids with stronger intermolecular forces: also has?

higher values of heat of fusion

What is the heat of fusion for crystalline solids?

heat of fusion is fixed and definite

What is the heat of fusion for amorphous solids

no precise value

It is the process of direct passage from solid to vapor phase, bypassing the liquid state

Sublimation

It is the reverse process of sublimation (vapor to solid

phase)

Deposition

It is the quantity of heat to convert a solid to vapor

Enthalpy of Sublimation

Ice exhibits an appreciable

sublimation pressure of?

Example:

● ice - solid with significant

sublimation pressure

● temperature may not rise above

0 OC, but snow may disappear.

(4.58 mm Hg).

It is the ability of solid to undergo

compressive stress without

breaking it

Malleability

these materials are highly malleable

○ shaped through forging,

rolling, extrusion, and

indenting.

Metals

It is the ability of solid to undergo

tensile stress and it can be can be measured.

Ductility

It describes the extent to which

the solid can be stretched

without fracture

Ductility

This type of metal is known to be the most

malleable and ductile.

Gold

Most of the time, malleability

and ductility properties ______
Some examples: silver and gold

coexist

It is the measurement of the ability of

atoms, molecules, or ions to transfer

electrons from one to another

Electrical Conductivity

These are solids that do not conduct electricity

electrical insulators

What type of chemical bonding has it easy for

electrons to move?

metallic bond

What type of chemical bonding has it hard to conduct electricity?

ionic or covalent bond

the measurement of the ability of atoms,

molecules, or ions to move and collide

with its neighboring particles.

Thermal Conductivity

What type of chemical bonding is a good heat conductor due to the nondirectional nature of the bonds.

Mettalic bond

What type of chemical bonding has a low thermal conductivity because of the rigidity between atoms?.

ionic/covalent bonds

These solids have a highly ordered

and repeating arrangement of particles,

forming a well-defined geometric

structure, such as in quartz and salt.

Crystalline solids

These solids lack a regular

arrangement of particles, resulting in a

disordered structure, as seen in

materials like glass and rubber.

Amorphous solids