AP Psych unit 3

What is a zygote?

The fertilized egg; the first two weeks after conception.

What are teratogens?

Harmful substances such as chemicals, viruses, or alcohol that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause harm.

What is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

What is the rooting reflex?

The reflex that causes babies to turn toward a touch on their cheek, helping with breastfeeding.

What signifies the development of depth perception in babies?

Around 6-8 months, babies hesitate to crawl across a glass 'cliff,' indicating depth perception.

What is myelination?

The process of coating nerve fibers with a myelin sheath, which speeds up brain communication.

What is object permanence?

Understanding that objects exist even when not seen, which develops around 8 months.

What was the significance of Harlow's Monkey Experiment?

It demonstrated that comfort and physical affection are more important for attachment than food.

What are the four attachment styles identified in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation Experiment?

Secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized attachment.

What are the characteristics of authoritative parenting?

A balanced approach with rules and explanations, often resulting in higher self-esteem and academic success.

What changes occur during puberty for boys and girls?

Boys gain muscle, while girls gain body fat.

What is the primary sex characteristic that develops during puberty?

The development of reproductive organs such as the uterus, vagina, testes, and penis.

What does the term 'imaginary audience' refer to in adolescence?

The belief that everyone is constantly watching and judging you.

What is the significance of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?

Childhood trauma correlates with higher risks of heart disease, depression, and substance abuse.

What happens to muscle strength and mobility as people age?

There is a decline in physical strength and mobility.

What is meant by the term 'social clock'?

Society's expectations for life events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

What is parallel play in early childhood?

When children play alongside but not with each other, laying the foundation for social awareness.

What is the main developmental change during the brain development phase in adolescence?

Synaptic pruning occurs, eliminating unused brain connections.