Lang/Lit 1 (H) Sem2

admonish

To warn or disapprove about a fault or oversight especially in a gentle but serious way

affliction

A cause of persistent pain or distress

cadaverous

like a corpse or tomb

calibrate

determine, rectify, mark the graduations, standardize, or adjust something precisely

counfound

confuse

dissonance

disagreement, inconsistency, discordant sounds

edifice

a large structure

embezzle

to take fraudulent advantage of something one has entrusted to another

embroil

throw into disorder or confusion or involve in conflict or difficulties

emissary

one designated as the agent or representative of another

ensue

strive to attain

ambiguous

able to be understood in two or more possible senses or ways or is difficult to discern or categorize

arbitrary

decided or happening at random or on a whim rather than by reason and methodology

austere

stern, cold, somber, grave, morally strict

corroborate

support with evidence or authority

cryptic

has a hidden, ambiguous, mysterious, or perplexing meaning

deference

respect or esteem due to a superior or an elder

disparage

to speak slightly about, belittle, lower rank of reputation, degrade

elusive

evades grasp or pussuit, hard to comprehend, define, isolate, or identify

engender

produse or insinuate

erratic

has no fixed course; wandering

fortuitous

fortunate, lucky

gregarious

sociable, companiable

hypthothetical

based on a suggested idea or theory

impartial

not biased; treats or affects all equally

incisive

impressively direct and decisive

induce

move by persuasion or influence

judicious

related to sound judgement

meticulous

very careful, accurate, and exact

pragmatic

dealing with problems in a reasonable, logical and practical way instead of off idealistic or theoretic way

substantiate

embody, establish by proof or evidence, verify

alliteration

repetition of initial consonant sounds

ballad

poem in sing-able rhythmic verse

enjambment

a run-on sentence from one verse/couple so that closely related words fall in different lines

meter

systematically arranged and measured rhythm

simile

compares two unlike things using like/as

theme

an underlying message in a literary work

internal rhyme

rhyme that occurs in the middle of lines of poetry instead of at the end

iambic pentameter

a line with ten syllables divided into five metric "feet" comprimised of an unstressed syllable followed by an unstressed one

allusion

intentional reference to a historical, mythic or literary person, place, event, literary work, or movement

consonace

repetition of consonant sounds with nearby words

free verse

nonmetrical, nonrhyming lines that closely follow the natural patterns of speech

onomotopoeia

the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it

stanza

a division of a poem, like a paragraph

tone

the attitude, emotion, or mood conveyed by a spreader's voice or a writer's words

slant rhyme

rhyming structure that shares similar sounds but aren't perfect rhymes

assonance

repetition of vowel sounds without repeating consonants

diction

an author or narrator's hoice of words

metaphor

compares two unlike things without like/as

rhythm

audible pattern in verse established by the intervals between stressed syllables

symbol

a character, setting, image, motif, object action, or event that represents a larger concept, idea or emotion

verse

a single metrical line in a poetic composition

sonnet

14 line poem in iambic pentameter with 3 ABAB quatrains followed by a couplet

Charged language

words or phrases used to express an opinion or evoke a certain emotion

purpose of charged language

pathos

parallelism

two or more elements of a line/sentence have the same grammatical strucutre

purpose of parallelism

emphasize relationship between things

repetition

repetition of a word within a short space of words

purpose of repetition

emphasis

analogy

draws connections between seemingly unrelated subjects

purpose of analogy

explain complex, familiar, or abstract concepts by comparing them to simple, familiar things

counterclaim

address the opposite of the argument and providing a rebuttal

purpose of counterclaim

to offset or defeat the orignal claim

concession

acknowledging the validity of an opponent's point

purpose of concession

shows common ground

rebuttal

a skillful rebut or refute of an opposing side

purpose of rebuttal

elevate one's argument by lowering perception of opposition

rhetorical appeals

ethos, pathos, logos, kairos; developed by aristotle

purpose of rhetorical appeals

best and basic way of making a good argument

logos

appeal to logic

pathos

appeal to emotion

ethos

establishing credibility

Romeo

the main character; a Montague

Lady Capulet

mother of Juliet

Montague

father of Romeo

Prince

Escalus; peacemaker who declares fighters would die

Juliet

the female main character; a Capulet

Capulet

father of Juliet

Tybalt

cousin of Juliet, nephew of Capulets, hotheaded conflict-starter

Benvolio

Friend of Romeo, characterized by benevolence, peacemaking, and logic

"brace of kinsmen" lost to Prince Escalus

Paris and Mercutio

Nurse

woman who raised Juliet, crass

Lady Montague

mother of Romeo

Mercutio

troublemaking friend of Romeo killed by Tybalt

Friar Lawrence

main counselor to Romeo, gives Juliet the sleeping poison

Hester Prynne

Commits adultery, mother of Pearl, seamstress

symbolism of Hester Prynne

human nature, grace, redemption, forgiveness

Chillingworth

husband of Hester returned after nine years, doctor, Leech

symbolism of Chillingworth

revenge, anger, betrayal, abandonment, insiduous harm

symbolism of sunlight

sometimes painfyl, joy, childishness, simle happiness, truth

symbolism of the scaffold

confession of truth, the public eye, judgement

Pearl

daugher of Hester

symbolism of Pearl

innocence, chafing against hypocrisy, consequences, wildness

symbolism of the letter A

adultery, shame, suffering, punishment, growth, ableness, redemption, grace

symbolism of the rose

hope/beauty/relief in sorrow, want for piece in life, sorrow has been borne, Pearl, moral change, profundity, one is what one makes, boldness, innocence, whimsy, grace, divine intervention, desire

symbolism of shadow/darkness

brings the value of light into perspective

Arthur Dimmesdale

minister of town, father of Pearl, adulterer

symbolism of Dimmesdale

sin, hypocrisy, self-inflicted punishment, guilt, natural consequence, leadership

symbolism of the forest

light/refuge amid long struggle, respite from judgement, uncovered true nature

symbolism of the prison

initial punishment, shame, new awful beginning