Muscular System (Head, Neck, Shoulders, Arms)

Frontalis (ant. Epicranius)

Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis

Insertion: Skin around eye

Action: Raises eyebrows as when surprised

Occipitalis (post. Epicranius)

Origin: Occipital bone

Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis

Action: Synergist to frontalis

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: Maxillary and frontal bones

Insertion: Skin around eye
Action: Closes eye

Zygomaticus

Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Corners of the mouth
Action: Raises the corner of the mouth (smiling)

Buccinator

Origin: Mandible & Maxilla
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Action: Compresses Cheeks

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Mandible
Action: Elevates mandible

Orbicularis Oris

Origin: Muscles near the mouth
Insertion: Lips
Action: Closes lips

Platysma

Origin: Fascia in upper chest
Insertion: Lower border of mandible
Action: Draws lower lip downward

Sternocleidomastiod

Origin: Sternum & Clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process (Temporal Bone)
Action: One: Pulls head to one side, Both: Pulls head down

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone & spine of vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle, Scapula
Action: Rotates, raises, lowers scapula

Splenius capitus

Origin: Spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: One: Rotates head, Both: Raises head

Levator scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Elevates scapula

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Abducts arm

Rhomboid minor

Origin: Spines of lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapulae
Action: Retracts and elevates scapulae

Rhomboid major

Origin: Spines of upper Thoracic Vertebrae

Insertion: Medial border of scapulae

Action: Retracts and elevates scapule

Deltoid

Origin: Scapula & Clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Abduct, extend, and flexes arm

Biceps brachii

Origin: Coracoid process & tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Flexes elbow and supinates hand

Brachialis

Origin: Shaft of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process of Ulna

Action: Flexes the forearm

Triceps brachii

Origin: Tubercle below glenoid cavity, lateral and medial surfaces of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of Ulna

Action: Extends the forearm

Brachioradialis

Origin: Distal humerus

Insertion: Styloid process of radius

Action: Flexes the forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: Distal end of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 2

Action: Extends wrist/abducts hand

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 2 & 3

Action: Extends wrist/abducts hand

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Posterior phalanges 2-5

Action: Extends the fingers

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 5

Action: Extends wrist/abducts hand

Palmaris longus

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Fascia of palm

Action: Flexes the wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process

Insertion: Carpal & metacarpal bones

Action: Flexes wrist/adducts hand

Flexor digitorium superficialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Tendons of fingers

Action: Flexes the fingers

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 2 & 3

Action: Flexes wrist/abducts hand

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Lateral radius

Action: Rotates arm medially

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Lateral radius

Action: Rotates arm laterally