Test 1 AP 2

Cellular Respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

1st stage of aerobic respiration, where it occurs, and ATP yield

Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, 2 ATP

2nd stage of aerobic respiration, where it occurs, and ATP yield

Pyruvate Oxidization, mitochondrial matrix, 0 ATP

3rd stage of aerobic respiration, where it occurs, and ATP yield

Krebs Cycle, Mitochondrial Matrix, 2 ATP

4 stage of aerobic respiration, where it occurs, and ATP yield

ETC, inner mitochondrial membrane, 26- 28 ATP

Glycolysis process (No O2)

splits one glucose into 2 pyruvate. produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Pyruvate Oxidation (Transition Reaction) process

Pyruvate converts into Acetly-CoA.

Pyruvate oxidization products per 1 glucose

2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, 2CO2, no ATP

Krebs Cycle Purpose

Generate NADH and FADH2 for ETC

Kreb cycle output

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 CO2

1 NADH carries

2.5 ATP

1 FADH2 carries

1.5 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration process

Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid which regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Hormone

chemical messenger released into bloodstream

Target Cell

cell that contains specific receptors for a specific hormone

Endocrine Gland

ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood

Exocrine Gland

Uses ducts to secrete hormones

Negative feedback ( insulin release)

response that reverses the original stimulus

Positive feedback. (blood clotting)

response that amplifies the original stimulus

GH (growth hormone)

stimulates growth and protein synthesis

Pituitary Gland

master gland of the endocrine system

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

produced by anterior pituitary gland stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

ASH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

produced by hypothalamus and increases water reabsorption by kidneys helping body retain water and maintain BP