HISTORY exploration & expansion TEST STUDY GUIDE

Conquistador

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century

Colony

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

Mercantilism

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism. 

Import

bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale. 

export

send (goods or services) to another country for sale.

Balance of trade

the difference in value between a country’s imports and exports.

Triangular trade

a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

Middle passage

 the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

Joint stock company

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Capitalism

 an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

How big was the “explorer of the seas” cruise ship?

1,020 feet with a crew of 1,185

how did the Renaissance enable European exploration to occur?

curiosity of the lands and people

how did the reformation enable the european expansion to occur?

refugees and missionaries

how did the Monarchs enable the European Exploration to occur?

seeking new sources of revenues

What was money?

power

how did the technological advances enable european exploration to occur?

better maps, compass, astrolabe, and sextant

how did marco polos book “the travels” enable european exploration to occur?

stirs Europes curiosity/fascination with Asia.

How was travel by land dangerous

needed to find sea route.

what were the motives for the Exploration?

God, Gold, Glory

when was the age of enlightment and why?

it happened in the 18th century because of success of the scientific revolution

what were the philosophers?

mostly french enlightment thinkers

what did the philosophers do

they changed the world forever

What was a Salon in the age of enlightment?

it’s where guests would engage in conversations about the new philosophical ideas.

what would women who a Salon, do ?

they found themselves in a position to sway political opinion & influence literary and artistic taste

Who are three enlightment thinkers?

Rene, Votaire, and Rosseau

Rene Descartes

1637; wont believe something to be true unless he himself determined it was.

Votaire

pushed for deism; the belief that god was a mechanic who created the world and allowed it to run without interference.

who believed people make the world go around?

votaire

Rosseau

believed people should be governed by the general will of all people of a society; people give up sovereignty in order to maintain social orders

What was the Enlightments greatest impacts on world history?

art, literature, and music had a period of maturation and growth; people read and wanted to go to school more; and the spread of renaissance ideas (individualism)