[GENERAL CHEMISTRY] Atomic Structure

Proverbs 16:3

a. Democritus

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Introduce the atomic model stating that atom is indivisible.

a. Democritus

b. John Dalton

c. JJ Thomson

d. Ernst Rutherford

b. John Dalton

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]

Introduce the Billiard Ball Model stating that matter is made up of atoms as its basic unit.

a. Democritus

b. John Dalton

c. JJ Thomson

d. Ernst Rutherford

f. None

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]

John Dalton postulates the following except:

a. Elements are composed of indivisible, indestructible atoms.

b. Atoms are alike for a given element.

c. Atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.

d. Compounds are form from more than 2 atoms of different elements.

e. Atoms combine in simple numerical ratios to form compound.

f. None

c. JJ Thomson

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Created Plum Pudding Model or Raisin Bread Model which lead to the discovery of electrons.

a. Democritus

b. John Dalton

c. JJ Thomson

d. Ernst Rutherford

c. Raisin Bread Model

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]

Plum Pudding Model is also known as ____ ?

a. Nuclear Model

b. Planetary Model

c. Raisin Bread Model

d. Electron Cloud Model

d. Ernest Rutherford

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Performed the gold foil/a-scattering experiment indicating that atom is mostly empty and discovering the presence of positive particles in the nucleus.

a. Democritus

b. John Dalton

c. JJ Thomson

d. Ernest Rutherford

d. Ernest Rutherford

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Discovered protons (+)

a. Democritus

b. John Dalton

c. JJ Thomson

d. Ernest Rutherford

d. Neil Bohr

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Made the mostly used atomic model, planetary model.

a. Ernest Rutherford

b. Eugene Goldstein

c. Erwin Schrodinger

d. Neil Bohr

b. Planetary Model

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Mostly used atomic model

a. Quantum Mechanical Model

b. Planetary Model

c. Plum Pudding Model

d. Nuclear Model

c. Erwin Schrodinger

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]
Introduce the Quantum Mechanical/Electron Cloud Model which the modern atomic model that estimate the probability of finding and e- in certain position (i.e., at e- cloud/orbital).

a. Ernest Rutherford

b. Eugene Goldstein

c. Erwin Schrodinger

d. Neil Bohr

c. Quantum Mechanical/Electron Cloud Model

[ATOMIC STRUCTURE]

Modern atomic model

a. Bohr Model

b. Rutherford Model

c. Quantum Mechanical/Electron Cloud Model

d. Dalton Model

a. Proton

[ATOMS]

Positive ion:

a. Proton

b. Electron

c. Neutron

b. Electron

[ATOMS]

Negative ion:

a. Proton

b. Electron

c. Neutron

c. Neutron

[ATOMS]
Has no charge:

a. Proton

b. Electron

c. Neutron

a. Proton

[ATOMS]

Equates to the atomic number which is the basis of electronic configuration:

a. Proton

b. Electron

c. Neutron

b. Electron

[ATOMS]

Proton in uncharged state which has negligible weight as it is 1,836 lighter than proton.

a. Proton

b. Electron

c. Neutron

d. 1,836x

[ATOMS]
Electron is ______ lighter than proton.

a. 1,536x

b. 1,636x

c. 1,736x

d. 1,836x

c. Neutron

Atomic Mass = Proton + Neutron

[ATOMS]
Consist the atomic mass together with proton:

a. Proton

b. Electron

c. Neutron

b. Ernest Rutherford

[ATOMS]

Contributed in the discovery of protons:

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

c. J.J. Thompson

[ATOMS]

First discovered electron through cathode ray tube and

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

c. J.J. Thompson

[ATOMS]
Able to determine the ratio of electron charge to mass

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

d. R.A. Millikan

[ATOMS]
Performed the oil drop experiment and was able to measure accurate the charge and mass of electron:

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

d. R.A. Millikan

[ATOMS]

Able to measure the accurate charge and mass of electron:

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

a. James Chadwick

[ATOMS]

Discovered the neutrons:

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

a. 15

Atomic number = Number of proton

[ATOMS]

P

#p = 15

#n = 16

#e = 18

Find atomic number:

a. 15

b. 16

c. 31

d. -3

e. 3

c. 31

Atomic mass = Proton + Neutron

[ATOMS]

P

#p = 15

#n = 16

#e = 18

Find atomic mass:

a. 15

b. 16

c. 31

d. -3

e. 3

d. -3

Charge = Proton - Electron

[ATOMS]
P

#p = 15

#n = 16

#e = 18

Find charge:

a. 15

b. 16

c. 31

d. -3

e. 3

e. Eugene Gold Stein

[ATOMS]

Discovered anode rays:

a. James Chadwick

b. Ernest Rutherford

c. J.J. Thompson

d. R.A. Millikan

e. Eugene Gold Stein

b. Electrochemistry

[ATOMS]

Particle separation based on e-

a. Electrophoresis

b. Electrochemistry

c. Electrolysis

d. Chromatography

c. Capillary electrophoresis

[ATOMS]
Example of electrochemistry , which is the separation of compounds based on electrophoretic mobility.

a. Gas chromatography

b. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

c. Capillary electrophoresis

d. Paper chromatography

c. Capillary electrophoresis

[ATOMS]
________ is the separation of compounds based on electrophoretic mobility

a. Gas chromatography

b. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

c. Capillary electrophoresis

d. Paper chromatography

a. Positively charged electrode

[ATOMS]
Anode is a:

a. Positively charged electrode

b. Negatively charged electrode

c. Uncharged electrode

b. Negatively charged electrode

[ATOMS]
Cathode is a:

a. Positively charged electrode

b. Negatively charged electrode

c. Uncharged electrode

a. Undergo oxidation

Tips for remembering:

• Anode starts in vowel (A), undergoes Oxidation which also starts in vowel (O)

• Cathode starts in consonant (C), undergoes Reduction which also starts in consonant (R)

[ATOMS]
Anode:

a. Undergo oxidation

b. Undergo reduction

b. Undergo reduction

Tips for remembering:

• RED CAT ELECT IN:

  • REDuction happens in CAThode where ELECTrons get IN

[ATOMS]

Cathode:

a. Undergo oxidation

b. Undergo reduction

• VILEORA – valence increase, lose electrons, oxidation, reducing agent

• VDGEROA – valence decrease, gain electrons, reduction, oxidizing agent

[ATOMS]
MNEMONICS to REMEMBER:

• Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

• Sulfates

  • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4)

  • Barium sulfate (BaSO4)

• Metabisulfate (Na2S2O5)

• Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)

• Hypophosphite (NaHPO4)

• Phosphates (PO4)

• Aldehydes

• Oxalic Acid

• Ascorbic Acid

[ATOMS]
Examples of Reducing Agents / Antioxidants

b. I, II, III, IV

Isotopes:

I. Same proton

II. Same atomic number

III. Same element

IV. Different atomic mass

V. Different neutron: since different atomic mass but same proton

[ATOMS]
Isotopes:

I. Same proton

II. Same atomic number

III. Same element

IV. Different atomic mass

V. Same neutron

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV

c. I, II, III

d. I, II

e. III, IV, V

f. All

[ATOMS]

Common non-isotopes:

a. ¹⁹F

b. ¹²7I

c. ³¹P

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. None

+1 isotopes means that isotope has additional 1 to their atomic number.

• Isotope of 1H is 2H which is deuterium

• Isotope of 12C is 13 C

[ATOMS]

Main +1 isotopes except:

a. ¹H

b. ¹²C

c. ¹⁴N

d. ³²S

e. ³⁵Cl

f. None

a and b

35Cl is +1 isotope

+2 isotopes means that isotope has additional 2 to their atomic number.

• Isotope of 16O is 18O which is deuterium

• Isotope of 79Br is 81Br

[ATOMS]
Main +2 isotopes:

a. ¹⁶O

b. ⁷⁹Br

c. 35Cl

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. ¹⁵N

Since ¹⁴N has +1 isotope.

[ATOMS]
Isotope of ¹⁴N:

a. 12N

b. 15N

c. 16N

d. 18N

b. ⁸¹Br

Since ⁷⁹Br has +2 isotope.

[ATOMS]
Isotope of ⁷⁹Br:

a. 80Br

b. 81Br

c. 85Br

d. 90Br

a. Isotopes

[ATOMS]

Same atomic number but different atomic mass:

a. Isotopes

b. Isobars

c. Isotones

d. Isomers

b. Isobars

[ATOMS]
Same atomic mass but different element:

a. Isotopes

b. Isobars

c. Isotones

d. Isomers

d. Isomers

[ATOMS]
Same molecular formula but different structure:

a. Isotopes

b. Isobars

c. Isotones

d. Isomers

c. Isotones

Different atomic number also indicate that they are different element.

[ATOMS]
Same neutrons but different atomic number:

a. Isotopes

b. Isobars

c. Isotones

d. Isomers

d. Isomers

[ATOMS]
Monosaccharides are example of:

a. Isotopes

b. Isobars

c. Isotones

d. Isomers