Period 4 Terms A

Armenian genocide

A targeted extermination of Armenian Christians by Ottoman Turks to eliminate Christian influence in the Ottoman Empire.

Treaty of Versailles

An agreement that formally ended WWI in 1919, focusing on punishing the Central Powers, particularly Germany. Germany held responsible for WWI

League of Nations

An international peace organization formed after WWI aimed at preventing conflicts between nations.

Indian National Congress

A political party established by Western-educated Indians seeking independence from Britain.

collectivization

A process in which farmland is controlled by the government and divided among workers.

Blitzkrieg

A military strategy meaning 'lightning war,' used by Nazi Germany to quickly attack key points and then retreating before they can attack back.

February/March Revolution

A rebellion in Russia leading Czar Nicholas II to abdicate, caused by WWI involvement and food scarcity.

October/November Revolution

A rebellion in Russia against Duna led by the Red Guard to establish a communist/socialist republic. Promised too end Russia’s involvement in WWI.

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's plan for lasting peace after WWI, addressing the war's underlying causes.

self-determination

The belief that citizens should decide their own form of government.

mandate system

A League of Nations system, giving former Ottoman and German colonies to the former Allied Powers until they were prepared for self-governance.

Bolshevik

Members of the Communist Party in Russia that wanted proletariat to forcefully seize government power. Led by Vladmir Lenin

totalitarianism

Form of government in which political leaders control and make all decisions for the citizens.

satyagraha

Gandhi's philosophy of resisting unjust laws through nonviolent means.

coalition government

A parliamentary government formed by an alliance of parties to achieve a majority.

Weimar Republic

Post WWI German Government- parliamentary republic with a president that collapsed because economic instability

fascism

A political ideology advocating for strong government control over people’s lives and nationalism and racism.

Great Purge

Stalin's campaign to eliminate political threats & enemies, resulting in many executions.

Five-Year Plans

Soviet Union goals aimed at increasing industrial production, food production, and stability.

Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

Japan's policy promoting Japanese colonization in Asia to preserve Asian traditions & protect them from Western influences.

appeasement

Political policy of giving a government what it wants to prevent future conflicts

nonaggression pact

Agreement between Germany (under Hitler) and Soviet Union (under Stalin) that their countries would not fight each other but would divide Europen

Kristallnacht

An organized attack on Jewish people in Germany, led by the Nazi party. Encouraged hate crimes against Jews.

lebensraum

German policy of expanding territory and colonies to collect resources & land to be self-sufficient

Vichy France

The government in WWII-era France that collaborated with Nazi Germany and implemented anti-Semitic policies. Deported Jews to German-led concentration and death camps.

kulak

A wealthy peasant with a leadership position in pre-Revolution Russia. Lenin used them to ensure farmers produced enough food by giving them small power.