irritating chem inorganic y12 equations

lwk cooked for mocks <3

magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) used to neutralise stomach acids

Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) —> MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

calcium hydroxide to neutralise acidic soil

Ca(OH)2 (s) + 2H+ —> Ca2+ + 2H2O (l)

barium meals (no equation)

barium sulfate is insoluble, so swallowed so you can see oesophagus and tissue on an x ray.

test for sulphate ions- give compound and ionic equation

Barium chloride- Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) —> BaSO4 (s)

Mg used to extract Ti from TiCl4 (no state symbols)

TiCl4 + 2Mg —> 2MgCl2 + Ti

CaCO3 used to remove atmospheric SO2 (wet scrubbing, no state symbols)

CaCO3 + SO2 —> CaSO3 + CO2

CaO used to remove atmospheric SO2 (wet scrubbing, no state symbols)

CaO + SO2 —> CaSO3

what is fluorine’s standard state, and what colour is it in its standard state?

gas, pale yellow

what is chlorine’s standard state, and what colour is it in its standard state?

gas, pale green

what is bromine’s standard state, and what colour is it in its standard state?

liquid, brown

what is iodine’s standard state, and what colour is it in its standard state?

solid, grey/black

what colour is fluorine vapour?

pale yellow

what colour is chlorine vapour?

pale green

what colour is bromine vapour?

orange

what colour is iodine vapour?

purple

what colour is fluorine in aqueous solution?

pale yellow (colourless)

what colour is chlorine in aqueous solution?

pale green (colourless)

what colour is bromine in aqueous solution?

yellow/orange

what colour is iodine in aqueous solution?

orange/brown

what colour is fluorine in organic solvent?

pale yellow

what colour is chlorine in organic solvent?

pale green

what colour is bromine in organic solvent?

orange

what colour is iodine in organic solvent?

purple

chlorine + sodium hydroxide equation

Cl2 + 2NaOH —> NaCl + NaClO + H2O

what type of reaction is Cl2 with NaOH

disproportionation

chlorine + water without UV light equation (NOT IONIC)

Cl2 + H2O —> HClO + HCl

what type of reaction is chlorine + water without UV light

disproportionation

how does chlorate (I) ion decompose under UV light (with state symbols)

2HClO (aq) —> 2HCl (aq) + O2 (g)

chlorine with water with UV light equation

2Cl2 + 2H2O —> 4HCl + O2

what type of reaction is chlorine with water with UV light

redox

NaCl with concentrated sulfuric acid equation

NaCl (s) + H2SO4 (aq) —> NaHSO4 (aq) + HCl (g)

What type of reaction is NaCl with concentrated sulfuric acid?

acid-base

sodium bromide with concentrated sulfuric acid equation

2NaBr + 2H2SO4 —> Na2SO4 + 2H2O + Br2 + SO2

hydrogen bromide with concentrated sulfuric acid equation

2HBr + H2SO4 —> 2H2O + Br2 + SO2

what is the name of the foul smelling/choking gas?

sulphur dioxide

sodium iodide with concentrated sulphuric acid (yellow solid)

6NaI + 4H2SO4 —> 3Na2SO4 + S + 3I2 + 4H2O

what is the yellow solid?

sulphur

hydrogen iodide with concentrated sulfuric acid (yellow solid)

6HI + H2SO4 —> 4H2O + S + 3I2

sodium iodide with concentrated sulphuric acid (rotten egg gas)

8NaI + 5H2SO4 —> 4Na2SO4 + H2S + 4H2O + 4I2

hydrogen iodide with concentrated sulphuric acid (rotten egg gas)

8HI + H2SO4 —> H2S + 4H2O + 4I2

test for halide ions

nitric acid + silver nitrate (acidified silver nitrate)

test for ammonium ions

NaOH (warm gently), red litmus paper turns blue

test for carbonate ions

add hydrochloric/nitric (any) acid, fizzing

what’s the difference between electronegativity and oxidising ability?

electronegativity= attract shared e- pair toward itself, oxidising ability= attract outer shell electron

why does fluorine have a surprisingly low bond enthalpy?

the atoms are so small that the lone pairs of e-s are very close together, so they repel each other, meaning less energy than expected is required to break the covalent bond.