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Freedmen’s Bureau

A federal agency created in 1865 to aid former slaves with education, healthcare, and legal help.

Black Codes

Laws enacted by Southern states to restrict the rights of freedpeople after the Civil War.

Radical Republicans

A faction of the Republican Party that aimed to protect freedpeople’s rights and restructure Southern society.

Tenure of Office Act

A law that restricted the President's power to remove certain officeholders without the Senate's approval.

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

The process by which President Andrew Johnson was impeached by the House but acquitted by the Senate, highlighting tensions with Congress.

Military Reconstruction Act

Legislation that divided the South into military districts and required new state constitutions granting suffrage to freedmen.

Share-cropping

A system of agriculture where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced.

Redeemers

Southern Democrats who sought to regain control of the South and reverse many gains made during Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election and effectively ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South.

Jim Crow

State and local laws enacted in the South to enforce racial segregation and disenfranchise African Americans.