motviations for reform

What drove the Liberal attempt at reform in 1866 that was blocked by opposition?

The opposition from the Whigs.

Who introduced the reform bill in 1867 to gain credit for the Conservatives?

Disraeli.

What was the purpose of both parties competing for new working-class voters?

To win long-term electoral support.

How did the expanding electorate impact political parties?

It allowed new voters to be courted by both parties to secure larger majorities.

Why was the expanding electorate particularly beneficial for the Conservatives?

They had only formed minority governments.

What demographic change made old electoral boundaries outdated?

Urbanization.

What was a necessary action to keep elections fair amid outdated electoral boundaries?

Some reform was necessary to address the issue of rotten boroughs.

What was a significant motive behind Gladstone's support for reform?

He saw it as a moral duty to include the respectable working class for their 'self-help'.

What did radicals in the Liberal party genuinely want during the reform period?

They wanted to expand democracy.

How was the idea of political representation evolving in relation to taxation by the 1860s?

It was becoming more widely accepted that voting rights were linked to property ownership.

What significant social change occurred due to industrialization by the 1860s?

Urban workers emerged who paid taxes and contributed to the economy but could not vote.

What was the main aim of Disraeli and the Conservatives regarding political reform?

To win working-class votes through reform.

What was a strategic political tactic used by the Conservatives in the Second Reform Act?

Gerrymandering to ensure electoral advantage.

How did the Second Reform Act serve the Conservative party?

It was designed to benefit the party by ensuring their relevance in an evolving democracy.

Why did many aristocrats support limited reform instead of full democracy?

To avoid potential revolutions, similar to the French Revolution of the late 1700s.