APUSH chapters 1-3 in class review

puritains

• Dissenters who sought to "purify" the church of England from within and who initially populated much of New England.

• Massachusetts Bay colony founded in 1630 - significance of the Puritans

• John Winthrop: founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony, elected governor, saw “city upon a hill”

• beliefs included…

• Predestination, focus on reading the Bible – led to schools

• Church members were the only people allowed to vote or hold a political office

• Did not extend religious freedom to others

• Antinomianism - an interpretation of Puritain beliefs that stressed God’s gift of salvation and minimized what an individual culd do to gain salvation

Separatists

• Those who wanted to break all connections with the Church of England, as opposed to most Puritans, who believed it was possible to reform the church; the Pilgrims were Separatists.

• calvinist

• William Bradford – governor of Plymouth

• Mayflower Compact – established a government led by majority rule

• Roger Williams- extreme separatist, questioned Puritain leadership and called for complete seperation of church and state. banished from MBC

roanoke

• the first English colony in the new world, 1585, not successful

• American Artists: John White – Leader of the lost colony at Roanoke; his pictures of Native Americans and vegetation convinced many to invest in or settle in Virginia colony.

enclosure movement

• demands for rule in England rose due to the emergence of the textile industry

• barrier around its land

• the transition from medieval open-field farming to fenced, private land ownership.

anne hutchison

• a puritan housewife who had a special revelation with God

• people hated her

• challenged the accepted role of women within the church by openly speaking out against church leaders

• concequence: banished from MBC

• challenged religious belief and social order

• thought leaders of church had no right to office

navigation acts - 1650-1673

• trade must be carried only in English or colonial ships - made england the center of all colonial commerence

• goal: enrich england by making the colonies a source of raw materials

• enumerated articles: commodities that could be shipped only to england or english colonies, originally included sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo

• benefits to colonies - Shipbuilding blossomed, growth of lumber and iron industries

lord baltimore

• founded the colony of Maryland in 1634

• first proprietary colony, only catholic colony

• act of toleration: freedom of workship to all christains

headright system

• got land if you payed for somebodys journey to the colony

• wealthy people pay for indentured servants

• 50- acre grants of land

• encouraged families to migrant together to Virginia

Bacon’s rebellion

• indentures servants were outliving their sentences

• growing frustration with lack of land, lack of political power, and wanted gov to do something about native attacks

• Nathaniel Bacon - lead the rebellion against Indians on the frontier- burned jamestown

• Those who were in the West felt unrepresented, leading to the Bacon rebellion, in which indentured servants who were given their freedom fought

• Though Bacon died, this was a movement towards slaves instead of indentured servants for labor.

• The Bacon Rebellion emphasizes tensions between the rich and the poor and the east and the west

• would lead to the need for slaves

Mercantilism

• colonies are to enrich the mother country

• Economic policy that held that the strength of a nation is based on the amount of gold and silver it has

• the country needs a favorable balance of trade and that colonies exist for the good of the mother country as a source of raw materials and a market for Inanufactured goods.

Jamestown - 1607

• first permanent english settlement

• motive was wealth

• starving period

• John Smith: helped save colony from starvation, “you don’t work, you don’t eat”

• founded by Virginia Company

• Joint-stock company - sold shares of stock to finance the outfitting of overseas expeditions, founded Jamestown

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

the great awakening

• religious revival that swept through colonies through 1730s-40s

• leaders: George Whitefield and Johnathan Edwards

• religious pluralism was promoted by the idea that all Protestant denominations were legitimate

• impact: new universities formed, greater religious independence and diversities

• Chalenged clergy: untutored could preach

• Attacked status quo: egalitarian with universal salvation; challenged deference

• Spoke out against slaves' treatment, but did not support abolition of slavery

• Divided churches: "Old Light" / "New Light"

• Presbyterians; turmoil in Congregational and Dutch Reform churches as well

• Promoted inter-colonial communication and cooperation

• strengthened call for separation of church and state

• new branches emerge

• supporters: Lower classes: laborers, servants, small farmers Many women converts; free/enslaved blacks Many church dominations, but Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians in forefront

the French and Indian war

the British and french fought to expand empires in great america

stono rebellion 1739

• in south Carolina, slaves 100 Africans revolted, stole weapons, killed many whites

• as a result, laws became more strict regulating slaves

• whites crushed uprising, executing most participants

middle passage

• journey from Africa to Western Hemishere

• used for immigration

• the sea route followed by slave traders from the west coast of Africa to the Western Hemisphere

triangular trade

• 3 part trade route of slaves and goods moving from Africa, the Caribbean, and the colonies

• trade pattern that developed in the colonies, New England shipped rum to the west coast of Africa in exchange for slaves that were sent to the West Indies for molasses that was sold to New England

• colonies got around navigation act laws by smuggling

transition from indentured servants to slaves

• Largely as a result of Bacon's rebellion, indentured servants would become free. This started the movement towards slavery for labor

• Indentured servants were outliving their sentences, expensive, and, as seen in Bacon’s rebellion, rebelling. The colonists needed a replacement for the temporary workers

• The European demand for colonial goods drove the transatlantic slave trade, creating demand for cheap labor to continue to run plantations.

Salem Witch Trials

• young girls were accused of witchcraft

• the ones being accused were from the wealthy class, and the accusers were farmers

• reflects the growing tension of the chaning nature of the colonies from religious based to profit based

• Hysteria throughout Massachusetts

half-way covenant

• in 2663, puritans permitted the baptixed children of church members into a “half-way” membership in the congregation and allowed them to baptize their children

• increased church membership, but sacrificed religious purity

• they still could not vote or take communion