Semster 2 Review (notes and questions)

The White Star Lines and the Cunard Lines were examples of:

British trans-Atlantic commercial steamship companies

This Anglo-Scottish political economist authored The Wealth of Nations

and became known as the "father of capitalism."

This French term was applied to the economic philosophy of allowing private businesses to operate completely free of any government regulations

Laissez-faire

The ________ signed in 1821 forced Spain to end its three-century long control of "New Spain

Treaty of Cordoba

This French political philosopher wrote The Spirit of Laws and advocated for a separation of powers in any given government

Baron de Montesquieu

This Creole priest in New Spain sympathized with the peasants and workers of the nation that would become Mexico and was eventually executed in the city of Guanajuato for his revolts against Spanish rule.

Miguel Hidalgo

_______ was a method of transmitted short and long sounds to transcribe different letters of the alphabet across a telegraph system creating a telegram message

Morse Code

Prior to the Industrial Revolution small-scale artisan manufacturing was known as:

cottage industry

Great Britain's advantage in terms of becoming the world's first industrialized nation was due to al the below factors EXECPT:

NOT the growing middle class with capital to invest

In addition to Buddhism Japan was home to a type of traditional spirituality known as _______

Shintoism

The _______ was signed in 1854 and opened the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to US trade

Treaty of Kanagawa

Alexander Graham Bell was best known for his patenting of which invention

Telephone

Workers in large

industrial cities were often housed in \______

In 1904 the newly industrialized Japan clashed with which other nation over the control of a port on the northwestern coast of China

Russia

During the period of the __________ Japan underwent rapid industrialization and built up its military capacity

Meiji Restoration

\_________ was an English-born cigar maker who immigrated to the United States and became a key figure in the American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

This invention made harvesting of a certain key cash crop easier and faster but likely also prolonged the institution of slavery in the Southern American colonies

cotton gin

Labor union goals in the 19th and early 20th century included:

Fair wages and the power of collective bargaining

Francis Galton

an English socio-political writer

While ruling as regent for her absent father in 1888 Portuguese-Brazilian Princess Isabel made which revolutionary decision?

* ended slavery

Migrant workers from \_____ contributed greatly to the construction of cargo and passenger rail lines that connected San Francisco to the rest of Northern California

China

Natural resources that were grown or extracted from the earth and then taken to factories to be refined or processed into finished goods were known as

Raw materials

In 1769 James Watt perfected his prototype for this significant invention

steam engine

The _______invented by John Hargreaves

spinning jenny

This Danish astronomer was known for his astronomical research that created the foundation for the study of the stars and planets

Tycho Brahe

________ invented the seed drill in 1701 which made planting more efficient and helped Britain increase its agricultural yields during the eighteenth century

Jethro Tull, William Bullock

Issac Newton:

Noted that an unseen force of mass kept objects drawn to the earth's surface

\________ was the primary fossil fuel used during the 19th and early 20th centuries

Coal

The first European power to establish settlements on the island of Sri Lanka also known as Ceylon

Portugal

The DeBeers Diamond company was owned by this man a prominent advocate for British exploration and colonization of the African continent

Cecil Rhodes

The French colony of Indochina was best known for trees that produced the sap used to make this valuable industrial material

Rubber

After the _______ mutiny of 1857 British authorities instituted harsh measures against any Indian resistance to British dominance

Sepoy

Choose the two correct religious affiliations for this sentence:
While the Byzantine Empire was ________the Ottoman Turks has adopted ________ as their faith

Christianity, Islam

Which country was able to defeat the Ottomans in 1821 after 400 years of being in the Ottoman Empire

Greece

Choose the two correct political entities to complete this sentence. Rebellions by Arabic-speaking populations lead to Egypt breaking from _____ control in 1882 only to end up being occupied by _______ forces.

Greek, British

The spread of European languages and the arrival of different Christian churches in places inhabited by native people are example of:

cultural imposition

Inequalities such as those from minority religions being required to pay extra taxes forced military were imposed on:

non Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

By the 18th Century which was Britain's most valuable colony

India

This archipelago nation in Southeast Asia was controlled by the Dutch

Indonesia

After the British victory in the Opium War the British seized control of this Asian port.

Hong Kong

Which was the only African country to remain independent by 1900

Ethiopia

Which was not a function of the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company:

To exclude private investors from funding the companies

What are examples of

Australia, Canada

British supremacy in North America was established following the end of what

French and Indian War

Which of the following was colonized by Belgium

Congo

\_______ were the Russian communist faction who seized power in October of 1917 and completely took control of Russia following their victory in 1921

Bolsheviks

\______ is the process by which a standing monarch voluntarily renounces his position of authority; an example of this was Nicholas II's stepping down from the Romanov throne in March of 1917

Abdication

Treblinka and Auschwitz were examples of:

Nazi concentration camps

Gulags were established as:

Prison camps in Siberia for political dissidents during the years of the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin

While the Russian communists were referred to as the "Reds" in the context of the Russian Civil War (1918-1921)

their opponents were known as the

This small nation fended off a Soviet attack between 1939 and 1940 and was well-known for its sniper defenses during an extremely harsh winter season.

NOT Serbia

In the late summer of 1914

the German military strategy to invade France through Belgium and capture the French capital of Paris was known as the:

\______ fled the Soviet Union after Lenin's death

and was assassinated in Mexico City where he was living in exile

The Ukrainian term \____ refers to the famine-genocide perpetrated by Stalin's regime against land-holding farmers who resisted the collectivization of agriculture

Holodomor

This Native American tribe used its language in order to transmit sensitive US military codes during WWII:

Navajo

The plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August of 1945 was called the:

The Enola Gay

Which of the following was a work of literature based on real-life experiences of a WWI veteran of the trenches

NOT The Great Gatsby

All of the following battles were fought on the Western Front during WWI EXCEPTS the:

Battle on Tannenberg

Otto Dix was best known for his contributions in the field of:

Post-WWI realist art

Joseph Goebbels was best known for what?

Acting as Hitler's chief propaganda minister

At the 1945 \_________

Roosevelt

This humanitarian organization provided aid to both soldiers and civilizations affected by the Great War

Red Cross

The American effort to split the atom and develop a nuclear weapon during WWII was codename the:

Manhattan Project

The city in the province of Bosnia that was controlled by Austria-Hungary in 1914 was the site of the assassination that sparked the beginning of the Great War.

Sarajevo

Vladimir Lenin created the \________

a secret police service headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky who persecuted and killed an opponents of the Bolsheviks

The political ideology of Hitler

Mussolini

This man served in the Russian Duma during the last years of Tsar Nicholas II

and acted as head of Provisional Government from March of 1917 to October of 1917

How did Hitler's life end

He committed suicide in his Berlin bunker as the Soviet army approached the city

During the Great War

or WWI

Great Britain's advantage in terms of becoming the world's first industrialized nation was due to all the below factors EXCEPT:

An influx of refugees from France's Revolution

In the early 20th century

persecution of minority groups like the Armenians

This Irish revolutionary

who was a dual US-Irish citizen

The \________ were the anti-colonial group that evolved into a communist paramilitary faction that battled US troops in Vietnam

Vietcong

This US-backed military leader of Cuba was ousted by Fidel Castro in 1959

Fulgencio Batista

Following the creation of NATO

a Western military alliance

A \______ is a nation that is stronger than both developed and developing countries around the world

and is in possession of highly destructive weapons technology

The Dandi March was instigated by Gandhi following what British action

A tax on salt

\_________ was a Hungarian leader whose protests against Soviet domination of Hungary led to his execution in 1956

NOT Leon Trotsky

This was Arabic term for "disaster

" which was used to connote the Palestinian refugee crisis following the creation of Israel

\_______ was the last fortress of French control in Indochina

which fell to independence forces in 1954

This Indian politician was assassinated in 1991

having spent much of his political tenure investing in India';s higher education and scientific research capacities

IN 1993

this former Eastern Bloc nation voted for a "Velvet Divorce" which created two independent nations

After Stalin's death

he was succeeded by this much more moderate leader

This Yugoslavian leader split from Soviet control in 1954

and fashioned his country as an independent socialist nation

During the breakup of the former Yugoslavia

this political leader was accused of crimes against humanity after massacres in the regions of Bosnia and Croatia

Operation Ajax in 1953 was a joint American-British operation in Iran that:

Ousted the prime minister Mossadegh from office

Which of the following regions of the world was dominated by France during the 19th and early 20th centuries

North Africa

The key principle of the Truman Doctrine

implemented by US President Truman in 1947

A proxy war can be defined as:

An indirect confrontation between two opposing factions through funding and manipulating third parties

The Mau Mau Uprising took place in which British colony?

Kenya

IN 1972

this American President Richard Nixon instigated what radical change in US policy?

Terrence Powderly

an Irish-born immigrant to the United States

After the British victory in the Opium War

the British seized control of this Asian port

\_______ fled the Soviet Union after Lenin's death

and was assassinated in Mexico City where he was living in excile

The process of people training and containing animals over time is called:

Animal domestication

Our modern world uses a process of interactions across the world based on trade

travel

One common problem in less developed countries is the degradation of land that comes as a result of the land losing its bodies of water

vegetation

\________ was an American-born former science professor turned radical anarchist who instigated mailings of bombs to government buildings in the 1970s through the 1990s

and became one of America's best known domestic terrorists

What is the root cause of Sectarian violence?

Violence between different ethnic and/or religious groups

This infamous Iraqi prison was the site of abuse of prisoners by US soldiers following the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003

Abu Ghraib