Urinary System

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Last updated 6:40 PM on 6/8/26
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44 Terms

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Kidneys

Filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste

<p>Filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste</p>
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Ureter

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

<p>A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.</p>
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Urinary Bladder

sac that stores urine

<p>sac that stores urine </p>
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Urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

<p>tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body</p>
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Nephron

functional unit of the kidney

<p>functional unit of the kidney</p>
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renal corpuscle

The entire structure containing the glomerulus and bowman's capsule

<p>The entire structure containing the glomerulus and bowman's capsule</p>
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glomerulus

Filters blood plasma to make urine and has simple squamous epithelium

<p>Filters blood plasma to make urine and has simple squamous epithelium</p><p></p>
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Bowman's capsule

collects filtered fluid

<p>collects filtered fluid </p>
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Renal tubule

tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Proximal Convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Nephron loop

<p> tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration</p><p>Proximal Convoluted tubule</p><p>Distal convoluted tubule</p><p>Nephron loop</p>
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collecting duct

knowt flashcard image
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juxtaglomerular complex

consists of specialized cells that secrete renin when glomerular blood pressure decreases

<p>consists of specialized cells that secrete renin when glomerular blood pressure decreases</p>
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macula densa

group of cells that checks the salt level in the fluid

<p>group of cells that checks the salt level in the fluid </p>
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Renal cortex

knowt flashcard image
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renal pyramids

triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney

<p>triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney</p>
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renal pelvis (of kidney)

funnel shaped sac at the superior end of the ureter

<p>funnel shaped sac at the superior end of the ureter</p>
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minor calyx (calyces)

small cuplike collecting structures, receive from the renal papillae

<p>small cuplike collecting structures, receive from the renal papillae</p>
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Major calyx (calyces)

larger collecting structures that the minor calyces converge on

<p>larger collecting structures that the minor calyces converge on</p>
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transitional epithelium

the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

<p> the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra</p>
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spongy urethra

runs through penis; opens at external urethral orifice

<p>runs through penis; opens at external urethral orifice</p>
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Adventitia

outermost layer made of connective tissue

<p>outermost layer made of connective tissue</p>
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cortical radiate

radiate around the cortex of the kidney

<p>radiate around the cortex of the kidney</p>
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retroperitoneal organs

located outside, or posterior to, the peritoneum

Includes most of pancreas, duodenum, parts of large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters and kidneys

<p>located outside, or posterior to, the peritoneum</p><p>Includes most of pancreas, duodenum, parts of large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters and kidneys</p>
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proximal convoluted tubule

first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients

<p>first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients</p>
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Urine pathway through kidney

Nephron - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis-ureter - bladder - urethra

<p>Nephron - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis-ureter - bladder - urethra</p>
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Glycosuria

glucose aka sugar in your urine

<p>glucose aka sugar in your urine</p>
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Pyuria

WBC or pus in Urine meaning the body is fighting an infection

<p>WBC or pus in Urine meaning the body is fighting an infection</p>
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arcuate vein

arches over the renal pyramid (blue)

<p>arches over the renal pyramid (blue)</p>
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arcuate artery

arches over the renal pyramid (red)

<p>arches over the renal pyramid (red)</p>
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nephron loop (of Henle)

creates a gradient for urine concentration and water conservation

<p>creates a gradient for urine concentration and water conservation</p>
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renal medulla (of kidney)

knowt flashcard image
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Rugae of Urinary Bladder

mucosal folds on the internal surface of the urinary bladder; Composed of Transitional epithelium

<p>mucosal folds on the internal surface of the urinary bladder; Composed of Transitional epithelium</p>
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internal urethral sphincter

involuntary smooth muscle

<p>involuntary smooth muscle</p>
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interlobar vein

move deoxygenated blood from arcuate vein to renal vein (blue)

<p>move deoxygenated blood from arcuate vein to renal vein (blue)</p>
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Bilirubinuria

a yellow substance (billirubia) is present in your urine

<p>a yellow substance (billirubia) is present in your urine</p>
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Hematuria

when blood is in your urine

<p>when blood is in your urine </p>
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external urethral sphincter

skeletal muscle, voluntary

<p>skeletal muscle, voluntary</p>
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Albuminuria

protein in your pee

<p>protein in your pee </p>
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prostatic urethra

Where the urethra passes through the prostate.

<p>Where the urethra passes through the prostate.</p>
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia

enlarged prostate

<p>enlarged prostate </p>
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interlobar artery

move oxygenated blood from segmental artery to arcuate artery (red)

<p>move oxygenated blood from segmental artery to arcuate artery (red)</p>
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Ketonuria

Ketones (fat) shows up in your pee

<p>Ketones (fat) shows up in your pee</p>
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distal convoluted tubule

Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; regulates reabsorption of water and sodium

<p>Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; regulates reabsorption of water and sodium</p>
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detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.

<p>compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.</p>
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collecting tubule

the structure in the nephron that collects urine from the distal convoluted tubule

<p>the structure in the nephron that collects urine from the distal convoluted tubule</p>