[BIO 102] Chapter 21 Obj jc

What are the four defining features of animals?

Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Motile, Heterotrophs

What are radial and bilateral symmetry?

Radial - divided through the central axis
Bilateral - can be divided in the middle into roughly equal left and right sides

What are the oral (top) and aboral (bottom) surfaces?

O - side with the mouth
A - side opposite the mouth

What are the anterior and posterior ends?

A - front/head region
P - back/tail region

What are the dorsal and ventral surfaces?

D - back/upper surface
V - belly/lower surface

What is a coelom?

A body cavity outside the gut

What is an Acoelomate?

Does not have coelom

What is a Pseudocoelomate?

False coelom, body cavity not completely covered by mesoderm

What is a Eucoelomate?

Have a body cavity outside the gut

What are Protostomes?

blastopore becomes the mouth during embryonic development, mouth first anus later

What are Deuterostomes?

blastopore becomes the anus during embryonic development, anus first mouth later

What are 3 defining characteristics of Sponges

Pore bearing, no tissues, no organs

What are 3 defining characteristics of Cnidaria

Cell level sting, Radial symmetry, no nerve net

What are 3 defining characteristics of Flatworms

Flat, excretory system, can be both parasitic/non parasitic

What are 3 defining characteristics of Nematodes

Round cross sections, Have cephalization, Non segmented

What are 3 defining characteristics of Annelids

Annulated, segmented, parapodia

What are 3 defining characteristics of Arthropods

jointed appendages, exoskeleton made of chitin, tagmatization

What are 3 defining characteristics of Molluscs

Soft bodied, mantle, 0-8 shells

What are 3 defining characteristics of Echinoderms

Pentamorous structure, tube feet, 3 tissues

What are 3 defining characteristics of Chordates

Notochord, Pharyngeal gill slits, Dorsal hollow nerve cord

What are Chordates?

Animals that have/had a notochord

What are Vertebrates?

Chordates with a backbone

What are Jawed Vertebrates?

Vertebrates with jaws

What are Tetrapods?

Jawed Vertebrates with 4 limbs

What are Amniotes

Tetrapods that produce eggs

Which animal phyla belong to these groups: chordates, vertebrates, jawed vertebrates, tetrapods, and amniotes

Phylum Chordata

What are the 3 groups of chordates?

Tunicates, Lancelets, Vertebrates

What are 2 defining characteristics of Tunicates?

Free living as juvenile, fixed as adult

What are 2 defining characteristics of Lancelets?

Translucent, live in sand

What are 2 defining characteristics of Vertebrates?

Cranium, notochord

What are the two groups of jawless fishes?

Hagfish and Lamprey

What are 2 defining characteristics of Hagfishes?

Bottom dwelling, scavengers

What are 2 defining characteristics of Lampreys?

Aquatic, jawless

Which group of jawless fish are vertebrate? (Lamprey or Hagfish)

Lampreys are vertebrate

What are the three groups of jawed fishes?

Shark/Rays, Ray-Finned Fishes, Lobe-Finned Fishes

What are 2 defining characteristics of Sharks/Rays?

Protrusible jaw, lack a swim bladder

What are 2 defining characteristics of the Ray-Finned Fishes?

Lateral line, thin flat scales

What are 2 defining characteristics of Lobe-Finned Fishes?

Limb like fins, some can survive out of the water

What are 2 defining characteristics of Amphibians?

Dual life (land and water), no scales

What are the three groups of Amphibians?

Anurans, Caudatans, Caecilians

What are 2 defining characteristics of Reptiles?

Thick skin, few glands

What are the five groups of Reptiles?

Turtles, Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles, Birds

What are 2 defining characteristics of Mammals?

Produce milk, endothermic

What are the three groups of Mammals?

Monotremes, Marsupials, Eutherians

How do the Monotremes differ in terms of their reproductive habits?

Lays eggs

How do the Marsupials differ in terms of their reproductive habits?

Give birth to underdeveloped young, development continues in a pouch

How do the Eutherians differ in terms of their reproductive habits?

Nourished by a placenta in the mother’s uterus