MED TERMS UNIT 1

arthr/o

joint

hepat/o

liver

ven/o

vein

oste/o

bone

-itis

Inflammation

-ic / -ous

pertaining to

-pathy

disease

-megaly

enlargement

intra-

within

Sub-

under

Cell

basic unit of all living things

Cell membrane

Forms the boundary of the cell

Cytoplasm

gel-like fluid inside the cell

Nucleus

largest structure within the cell

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

comprises each gene, genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell

tissue

group of similar cells that performs a specific function

Muscle tissue

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

nervous tissue

found in the nerves, spinal cord and brain, responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities

connective tissue

connects, supports, penetrates and encases various body structures. adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues, and blood are types of connective tissues

epithelial tissue

major covering of external surface of the body, forms membranes lining body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands

organ

2 or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body function

system

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

integumentary system

composed of skin, nails and glands, forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D

respiratory system

composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs, performs respiration for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

urinary system

composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume and maintains electrolyte concentration

cardiovascular system

composed of the heart and blood vessels. pumps and transports blood throughout the body.

lymphatic system

co network of vessels, ducts, nodes and organs, provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid.

digestive system

composed of the gastrointestinal tract (the mouth, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder and pancreas) prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste

musculoskeletal system

Muscle, bones, and joints, provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium and produces red blood cells

nervous system

brain, spinal cord and nerves, regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages

endocrine system

composed of glands that secrete hormones. hormones regulate many body activities

cranial cavity

space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain

spinal cavity

space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

thoracic, or chest cavity

space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

abdominal cavity

the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and ureters

pelvic cavity

Has the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine and the rectum

abdominopelvic cavity

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

adenoma

tumor composed of glandular tissue

carcinoma

cancerous tumor

chloroma

tumor of green color

epithelioma

tumor composed of epithelium

fibroma

tumor composed of fiber

fibrosarcoma

Malignant tumor composed of fiber

leiomyoma

tumor composed of smooth muscle

leiomyosarcoma

malignant tumor composed of smooth muscle

lipoma

tumor composed of fat

liposarcoma

malignant tumor of fat

melanocarcinoma

cancerous black tumor

melanoma

black tumor (primarily of the skin)

myoma

tumor composed of muscle

neoplasm

New growth

neuroma

tumor composed of nerve

rhabdomyoma

tumor composed of striated muscle

rhabdomyosarcoma

malignant tumor composed of striated muscle

sarcoma

tumor of connective tissue

cytogenic

producing cells

cytoid

resembling a cell

cytoplasm

Cell substance

dysplasia

abnormal development

epithelial

pertaining to epithelium

erythrocyte

red (blood) cell

erythrocytosis

increase in the number of red cells

histology

Study of tissue

hyperplasia

excessive development (number of cells)

hypoplasia

incomplete development (of an organ or tissue)

karyocyte

cell with a nucleus

karyoplasm

Substance of a nucleus

leukocyte

White blood cell

leukocytosis

increase number of white cells

lipoid

Resembling fat

neuroid

Resembling a nerve

organomegaly

enlargement of an organ

enlargement of an organ

pertaining to the body

somatogenic

originating in the body

systemic

pertaining to a system or the body as a whole

visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

carcinogen

substance that causes cancer

carcinogenic

Producing cancer

cyanosis

abnormal condition of blue

diagnosis

state of complete knowledge

etiology

study of causes (of diseases)

iatrogenic

caused by/produced by medicine, physician

metastasis

Beyond control

oncogenic

causing tumor

oncology

Study of tumors

organic

Pertaining to an organ

pathogenic

Producing disease

pathologist

Person who studies diseases

prognosis

state of before knowledge (prediction of outcome)

xanthochromic

Pertaining to yellow color

xanthosis

abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

benign

nonmalignant, non- recurrent, favorable for recovery

CA

carcinoma

Dx

Diagnosis

mets

metastases

Px

prognosis

RBC

red blood cell

XRT

radiation therapy

WBC

White blood cell