Psychological Disorders and Diagnostic Models: DSM-5-TR, Anxiety, Mood, and Stress Disorders

Psychological disorder

A disturbance in an people's thoughts,

emotions, or behaviors that causes

distress or suffering and impairs

their daily lives.

Medical mode

The concept that diseases (psychological

disorders) have physical causes that can be

diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured,

often through treatment in a hospital

Diathesis model

The concept that genetic predispositions

(diathesis) combined with environmental stressors

(stress) to influence psychological disorder

Epigenetics

"Above" or "in addition to" (epi) genetics; the

study of the molecular mechanisms by which

environments can influence genetic expression

(without a DNA change)

DSM-5-TR

The American Psychiatric

Association's "Diagnostic

Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders" 5th edition: a widely

used system for classifying

psychological disorders.

Anxiety disorder

A group of disorders

characterized by excessive

fear and anxiety and related

maladaptive behaviors

Social anxiety disorder

Intense fear and avoidance of

social situations

Generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder in which a person is

continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state

of autonomic nervous system arousal

Panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by

unpredictable, minutes-long

episodes of intense dread in

which a person may experience

terror and accompanying chest

pain, choking and other

frightening sensations.

• Often followed by worry over

a possible next attack

Agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of situations,

such as crowds or wide open

places, where one may experience

a loss of control and panic

Specific Phobia

An anxiety disorder marked by

a persistent, irrational fear &

avoidance of a specific object,

activity, or situation

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions

(compulsions) or both

Trauma and stressor related disorders

A group of disorders in which exposure

to a traumatic or stressful event is

followed by psychological distress

PTSD

Characterized by haunting memories,

nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance

of trauma-related stimuli, social

withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of

feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers

for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic

experience

Depressive disorders

A group of disorders characterized by an

enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood,

along with physical and cognitive changes

that affect a person's ability to function

major depressive disorder

A disorder in which a person

experiences five or more symptoms

lasting 2 or more weeks, in the absence

of drug use or a medical condition, at

least one of which must be either

1. Depressed mood

2. Loss of interest or pleasure

Persistent depressive disorder

A disorder in which people

experience a depressed

mood on more days than

not for at least 2 years.

Formerly called

"dysthymia

bipolar disorder

A group of disorders in which a person alternates

between the hopelessness & lethargy of depression

and the overexcited state of mania.

(Formerly known as manic-depressive disorder)

Mania

A hyperactive,

wildly optimistic

state in which

dangerously poor

judgement is

common

Bipolar I Disorder

The most severe form, in which people

experience a euphoric, talkative,

highly energetic, and overly ambitious

state that lasts a week or longer

Bipolar II Disorder

A less severe form

of bipolar in which

people move

between depression

and a milder

hypomania

Rumination

compulsive fretting;

overthinking about our problems and

their cause

Hoarding disordrt

A persistent difficulty parting with

possessions, regardless of their value