ETV compulsory voting is most effective way of increasing political participation

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Last updated 3:44 PM on 5/20/26
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11 Terms

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Paragraph themes

  1. Direct democracy vs compulsory voting

  2. Digital democracy vs compulsory voting

  3. Voter ID vs compulsory voting

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Compulsory voting - strengths

  • Australia introduced CV (1924) - maintained ~90% TO 

  • 98% TO in 2025 federal election vs 60% TO in 2024 UK GE 

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Compulsory voting - weaknesses

  • ~10% of voters in Brazil admitted to random voting  

  • Spoiled votes – Australia ~5% vs UK ~0.5% 

Undermines genuine democracy - weaknesses mandate and legitimacy

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Direct democracy - strengths

  • 2016 EU referendum TO - 75%

  • 2014 Scottish referendum TO - 85%

Improves turnout

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Direct democracy - weaknesses

  • Abolition of capital punishment and legalisation of homosexuality – public opinion <50%  

    • Referendum would not have supported legislation – excluding minorities 

  • Brexit campaign falsely claimed “Turkey is joining the EU” - misinformation  

  • 52% voted Leave vs 48% Remain = close call 

 

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Digital democracy - strengths

  • Nigel Farage 1.4m TikTok followers vs Keir Starmer 250k TikTok followers 

  • March 2026 – Reform UK leading IPSOS polls  

Political engagement

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Digital democracy - weaknesses

  • Russian interference reports in 2016 and 2019 – reported in 2022 

  • Increasing use of AI – October 2023 AI clip of Starmer verbally abusing his staff on X – 1.5m views 

  • 5% of UK population have no internet access – mostly older people and lower income 

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Voter ID - strengths

  • Labour Elections Bill - increases acceptable forms of voter ID to include bank cards

  • Labour proposed automatic voter registration 2026

  • 2024 GE - 10% of those who did not vote claimed voter ID as reason

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Voter ID - weaknesses

Voter ID introduced under Conservatives - fear of repeat votes

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Votes at 16 - strengths

  • 2014 Scottish election (first for 16-17s) - 75% TO  

  • Significantly greater than 18-24s but less than over 35s 

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Votes at 16 - weaknesses

2021 Scottish parliament elections :

  • 16-17 TO ~66% 

  • 18-24 TO ~54% - should be higher (first vote was 2014)