Inflammation and repair (Condensed) 2026

Endogenous leukotriene and interleukein mediators of chemotaxis

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and IL-8

Cellular infiltrates in prolonged inflammation

Monocytes

First cellular infiltrate to arrive in viral infections

Lymphocytes

Main cellular infiltrate in allergic infections

Eosinophils

Main cellular infiltrate in cell-mediated hypersensitivity

Lymphocytes

Three anti-inflammatory cytokines

Lipoxin, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), IL-10

What is the vasoactive effect of histamine?

Vasodilation and increase in venular permeability

Leukotrienes known to cause increased vascular permeability

LTC4, D4, E4

Interleukin associated with eosinophil activation

IL-5

Eosinophil associated with the acute phase response

IL-6

Neutrophilic chemotactic factor/interleukin

IL-8

Interleukin associated with mucus production in airway epithelial cells

IL-13

Interferon associated with activation of macrophages

Interferon gamma

Complement protein that activates the classical pathway

C1

What are the three anaphylatoxins?

C3a, C4a, C5a

Components of the membrane attack complex (MAC), causing cell lysis

C5b, C6-C9 - Deficiency can increase risk for Neisseria infections.

Condition associated with C1 inhibitor deficiency

Hereditary angioedema

Two endogenous pyrogens of the body

IL-1 and TNF-alpha - Induce the production of prostaglandins i.e., PGE2 → elevation of temperature set point

Acute phase protein that causes red cells to form stacks (rouleaux), causing increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Fibrinogen

Most important cytokine for synthesis and deposition of connective tissue proteins; inhibited by glucocorticoids, causing impairment in tissue repair

TGF-beta

Scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound

Keloid - More common in African Americans

Scar tissue that does not grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound

Hypertrophic scar