Unit 7 History Test

1960- Presidential Election

Dwight D. Eisenhower was president, president at conclusion of Korean War, when leaving office he warned of growing influence of the “military industrial complex”, former General and war hero from World War II.

1954- Brown vs. Board of Education

Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896); legally ended segregation, “separate but equal”.

1963- I Have a Dream

March on Washington, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave this speech.

1968- Tet Offensive

Marked major turning point in the Vietnam War because Communist forces scored a major political victory despite their military defeat. Evidence that U.S. was not going to achieve a quick victory as American public was being told by our government.

1971- Pentagon Papers

Confirmed that the government had not been honest with Americans regarding the Vietnam War.

New Frontier

President Kennedy’s domestic programs.

Due Process

Idea that law may not treat individuals unfairly or unreasonably and courts must follow proper procedures when trying cases

Flexible Response

Policy of allowing conventional troops and weapons to be used against Communist movements

Consensus

General agreement

Great Society

Domestic programs and goals of President Johnson’s administration

GOP & S. Dems New Frontier

Thought New Frontier was too costly, worried about increased federal power and government spending

Cuban exiles

Kennedy faced fail of Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961, Cuban exiles landed on April 17, 1961, CIA involved and U.S. looked weak

USSR missiles

Cuban missile crisis, Kennedy announced USSR placed missiles in Cuba, U.S. spy planes took photos, brought world closest to nuclear war

Immigration Reform Act

Kept a strict limit on the number of immigrants admitted to U.S. each year, eliminated national origins system

LBJ 1964 vs. poverty + jobs

Congress created Office of Economic Opportunity

De facto segregation

Segregation by custom and tradition

Sit-ins

Form of protest in which protesters refused to leave segregated places

Cloture

A motion which cuts off debated and forces a vote

Poll tax

Fee that had to be paid in order to vote

Black Power

Movement called for African American control of social, political, economic direction of struggle for equality and stressed pride for African American cultural group

Plessy

Plessy vs. Ferguson created separate-but-equal policy

MLK Jr. & end on segregation

African American leaders formed Montgomery Improvement Association to negotiate with city officials, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. lead organization

Selma

Marchers kneeled to pray as they were approached by law enforcement, 70 hospitalized, “Bloody Sunday”

Malcom X

Most visible spokesperson of the Black Power movement

MLK Jr. in Memphis

Assassinated April 4 1968, legacy continues to inspire social justice movements, while visiting, “Been to Mountaintop”, balcony of hotel, James Earl Ray

Domino Theory

Belief that if Vietnam fell to communism, so would the other Southeast Asian nations

Guerillas

Irregular troops who usually blend into civilian population and are often difficult for regular armies to fight

Agent Orange

Chemical that strips leaves from trees and shrubs

Credibility Gap

Lack of belief in government reports regarding the Vietnam War

Linkage

Policy of improving relations with the Soviet Union and China to persuade them to reduce their assistance to North Vietnam

Vietminh

Nationalist group focused on removing Japanese forces

Truman & France

Decided to help for two reasons: China’s fall to communism and the Korean War

Gulf of Tonkin

Congressional resolution that allowed President Johnson to use force to defend American troops in Vietnam

Political Convention

DNC in Chicago protests Democrats taking an antiwar platform leads to a riot

MIAs

This and POWs left lasting impression on families and the public