Revolutions and Industrialization (c. 1750 - c. 1900)

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to the revolutions and consequences of industrialization from 1750 to 1900.

The Enlightenment

A movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition; it influenced revolutions in the Atlantic world.

Social Contract

A theory that individuals give up certain freedoms to form a government that provides order and protection, as proposed by Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.

Natural Law

The principle that certain rights or values are inherent by virtue of human nature and can be understood through reason.

Political Upheaval

Significant and often violent changes in the political structure of a society.

Abolition

The movement to end slavery and the slave trade, significantly influenced by various revolutions.

General Will

A concept by Rousseau that represents the collective interests of the people.

Separation of Powers

A political doctrine that divides government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from having too much power.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, traditionally contrasted with the proletariat in Marxist theory.

Federal Republic

A federation of states with a republican form of government.

Reign of Terror

A period during the French Revolution characterized by extreme political repression and mass executions.

Cultural Nationalism

A form of nationalism in which the shared culture among people creates a sense of nationhood.

Feminist Beginnings

The early movements advocating for women's rights, including legal equality and suffrage, inspired by Enlightenment thought.