weere gonna K this exam

Which of the following processes is know to use transgenic plants as well as farm animals to produce pharmaceutical products or medicines that can be harvested for the consumer?

Therapeutic cloning

Cells communicate with one another in which of the following ways? This form of communication between cells can affect gene expression.

signal transduction pathways

Fill in the blanks to finish the statement: In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ________ and guanine pairs with ________.

thymine... cytosine

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O Carefully think about this formula (and use the image seen below) and what we learned about cellular respiration: Where is most of the water in this reaction produced?

in the electron transport chain

Humans convert approximately how much of the energy stored in food to useful work?

34%

The difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is... Select one:

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, eukaryotic cells do.

What is the term of the chemical reaction in which polymers are broken down into monomer sub-units?

Hydrolysis

Which of the properties of water explains water molecules and their ability to remain attached to each other through hydrogen bonding?

Cohesion

Which of the following would best be a definition of a fact?

A piece of information considered to be objectively true based on all current evidence, and can be verified by others

Which of the following suspects' DNA fragments (fingerprint) matches the evidence left at the crime scene?

Suspect B

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of what fact?

different people have different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome

of the following examples of "Genetically Modified organisms", which of the following processes exposes seeds to various forms of radiation?

Transgenic organism

This circular DNA molecule is an essential tool for gene cloning due to its ability to duplicate separately and carry virtually any gene.?

bacteria

Biotechnology is a relatively new type of technology that is used in modern laboratory techniques.

This is a false Statement

How can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?

Mature plant cells can develop into all the specialized cells of an adult plant.

Which best describes how a repressor protein (Red in image above) turns off transcription?

The repressor protein binds to the operator sequence and physically blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

In bacteria, what name is given to the cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences called the promoter and operator

operon

Fill in the blank: Cells that contain the same genetic information can develop into different types of cells through ____________.

gene regulation

If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in which of the following choices?

single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG

Finish the following statement: After DNA replication each new DNA double helix consists of _________.

one old strand (from a previous cell) and one new strand to make the double helix

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?

CAGGTA

A similarity between DNA and RNA is that they are both __________.

nucleic acids

Fill in the blank: RNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in DNA.

uracil... cytosine

What does it mean that all of life, from prokaryotes to humans, share the same genetic code? In other words what idea does this evidence support?

That all of life shares a common ancestry

Fill in the blank to complete the statement: An individual who is homozygous ________.

carries two copies of the same allele for a gene

Which of these crosses will produce only heterozygous offspring?

AA × aa

If a person has two identical alleles for freckles, the gene is said to be _____________.

homozygous

Which best describes when two copies of each allele separate during gamete formation (Meiosis) so that offspring receive one allele from each parent?

Law of Independent Assortment

Fill in the Blank to complete the statement: The transmission of traits from one generation to the next refers to ___________

heredity

The image seen here with a box around it, is representing which of the stages of meiosis?

Anaphase II

Which of the following choices best fits what this image is showing you?

meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells

Fill in the blank to complete the statement: One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis ________.

requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells

What are the chromosomes that do NOT determine assigned sex of an individual (mammals) called?

autosomes

In terms of drugs that help to fight cancer cells, there are several categories that are used. What is the term given to drugs that have shown to be toxic to cells in vitro (lab culture)?

Cytotoxic

Finish the statement: Ordinary cell division (Mitosis) produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

Production of gametes (Sperm and Egg cells)

Which system contains specialized proteins that send "stop" and "go" signals to control the timing of cell division?

cell cycle control system

Mitosis is responsible for which of the following choices in a "TYPICAL" multicellular organism like humans?

growth and maintenance

Fill in the blank: In eukaryotic cells, each ____________ is a very long strand of DNA with thousands of genes associated with it.

chromosome

Humans have how many TOTAL NUMBER of chromosomes?

46

Why is cell division important?

All of these are why cell division is important

The Calvin cycle requires which of the following from the light reactions in order to operate?

ATP; NADPH

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

synthesizing simple sugars (glucose) from carbon dioxide

Which of the following choices is one reason that plants have accessory pigment molecules, like chlorophyll b and carotenoids?

to absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot

Fill in the blank to complete the statement: The energy of wavelengths that appear ________ is LEAST useful to photosynthesis.

Green

Which process is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

electron transport chain

Which molecule is the source of electrons for the light reactions?

H2O

What pigment type is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of leaves in the fall?

carotenoids

Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by ________.

taking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates)

Which equation best summarizes photosynthesis? Select one:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

In an active muscle cell, aerobic cellular respiration generates about how many ATP from one glucose?

32

The energy of electron transport serves to move (translocate) protons (Hydrogen ions or H+) to the outer mitochondrial compartment. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? Hint: Look at the image below to help you answer this question

The movement of protons (hydrogen ions H+) against its concentration gradient sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondria by moving down the concentration gradient.

Fill in the blank to complete the sentence: The glucose molecule has a large quantity of energy in its ________.

in the structure of this polar molecule

True/False: Plants cells only have chloroplasts and only go through photosynthesis

This is a false statement, plants have both chloroplasts AND mitochondria

Organisms like all animals can be classified as which of the following choices? The answer is based upon: which of these groups listed below can make organic compounds from inorganic ones, and considered at the base of an ecosystem or food web.

producers (Autotrophs)

The ultimate source of energy found in food comes originally from where?

The Sun

Fill in the blank to complete the statement: A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires ________.

Oxygen (02)

During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?

mitochondria

What is the organelle that is known as a "transfer station" because it receives vesicles from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), modifies the molecules within those vesicles, then sends them out to their final destination?

Golgi Apparatus

This major category of cell organelles includes the network of interconnected protein filaments and tubules.

Endomembrane System

Think about it: When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ________.

have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water

TRUE: FALSE: The fluid-mosaic is a description the homogenous, rigid and non-flexible structure of the plasma membrane of all cells.

THIS STATEMENT IS TRUE

All cells have certain things in common. Which of the following choices below is one of the things that all cells have in common?

All cells have a cell wall to regulate movement of material in and out of cells

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of how many covalent bond(s)? with other atoms?

4

An organic molecule is defined by having a carbon backbone and its __________: a specific combination of bonded atoms that always has the same chemical properties and always react the same way in a chemical reaction.

Functional Group

The tendency of molecules (like the greatest molecule of them all ... WATER) of the same kind to stick together is called ________?

cohesion

Diurnal temperature variation is a terms that describes the difference between a location's daytime high temperature and nighttime low temperature. Which location would you expect expect to have the greatest diurnal temperature variation?

Phoenix, Arizona, with an average humidity of 37%

This is the general equation for photosynthesis—the process of capturing energy from sunlight and converting it to chemical energy. Which of the following are the reactants of this reaction?

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and H2O (water)

Consider the radioactive isotope fluorine-18 vs fluorine-19. The question is: How does the radioactive Fluorine-18 differs from the more stable fluorine-19?

the number of neutrons found in the nucleus

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally is called _________.

a Polar Covalent Bond

What is the chemical bond type found in many substances in which two atoms are held together by electrons of one atom being taken up or accepted by another atom?

Ionic

The four most common elements found in living organisms are ________.

carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium

The reactive properties (chemical behavior) of an atom mostly depend on the number of what?

the electrons in the outer "shell" or orbital of the atom

Which of the following choices below best fits the answer to the question: What is science?

an inquiry-based process to describe and explain nature and naturally occurring phenomena