HISTORY OF ARTS AND INTERIOR DESIGN (REALISM - FAUVISM)

Realism

An art style that started in France in the 1850s, it is the accurate detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Rejects imaginative idealization of Romanticism. Also known as the Age of Rationalism and Imperialism, Age of Science and Doubt, Age of Progress and the Victorian Age

The Realists

A group of international artists in Paris which began to devise new methods of pictorial representation. Focused on scientific concepts of vision and the study of optical effects of lights.

Artists: John Singleton Copley, Gustav Courbet, Hilaire Germaine Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet

Barbizon School

A group of French landscape artists one of the first found outside the Academcy, named ater the forest of Fontainebleau near the village of Barbizon

Artists: Theodore Rousseau, Jean Francois Millet

Pre-Raphaellite Brotherhood

Eclectic Period in UK. Considered the first avante-garde movement in art, the only great art was before High Renaissance before Raphael. Condemned art of idealization and promoted works based on real landscape and models.

Hudson River School

The first American school of landscape painting

Gustave Courbet

The first French Realist, believed that artists could accurately represent only their experience. Works: The Painter's Studio, Funeral at Omanas, Stone Breakers

Honore Daumier

A lithographer and cartoonist, satirized Parisian officials, city life and the classical tradition that lingered. Famous for satirical caricatures. Works: The Freedom of the Press, Transonain Street

Edouard Monet

Use shallow perspective. Works: Dejeuner sur l'herd, Olympia, Dead Toreador

Impressionism

A movement in French painting sometimes called optical realism. Effect of light and movement on appearance of objects

Claude Monet

Landscape impressionist and leader of the pleinarists, believed in working outdoors. Works: Autumn Effect on Argenteuil, Les Bassin de Nympheas, Impression: Sunrise

Eduoard Manet

Father of Modern Art, painted with full brush and full strokes, placement of colors side by side, placing a concentration of life on an important feature. Works: Bar at Folies Bergere, Boating at Argenteuil

Edgar Degas

Worked in pastels and oils. Adopted the big diagonal viewpoint and abrupt cutting of composition by picture. Work: Absinthe, Dancers Practicing at the Bar

Pierre August Renoir

Portraiit of real people, interested in the interplay of colors caused by flickering of sunshine and shadow

Rodin

Sculptor, conveying dynamic experimental process, rather than in the finished work itself. Work: The Burghers of Calais, The Kiss, The Thinker

Neo Impressionism

Empirical realism of Impressionism by relying on systematic calculation and scientific theory to achieve predetermined visual effects, applied scientific optical principles of light and color to create strictly formalized composition

George Pierre Seurat

The pointilism technique (confettiism), technique based on the skillful putting side by side touches of pure color. Work: Le Grande Jatte, Le Circus

Symbolism

A movement providing an intellectual alternative to the pure visual painting of the impressionists, inspiring surrealists

Paul Gaugain

Applied paint smoothly, colors are bright in flat, unmodeled shapes. Painted tropical landscapes and brown-skinned natives. Works: The Spirit of the Dead, Watchers, Two Tahitian Women

Synthetism

A theory of art that posted works of art ought to blend three primary elements: the outward appearance of the subject, the artist's emotional reaction to the subject and artistic choices of color, form and line

Paul Cezanne

Father of Cubism / Pre-cubism: handling of masses and planes given depth by structure, color and unconventional prespective. Works: Still Life with Plaster, Cupid, Village of gardane and The Large Bathers

Fauvism

Fauve (Wild Beast) describe paintings depicting wild beasts in the use of brillian luminous colors and bold, spontaeous handling of paint

Henri Matisse

Leader of the fauves extraordinarily decorative quality with flat-patterned compositions in pure colors. Works: Le Luxe II, Large Red Interior/ The Red Studio