css html review actual

What does HTML stand for?

HyperText Markup Language

What does CSS stand for?

Cascading Style Sheets

What is the correct doctype declaration for HTML5?

What tag is used to define the root of an HTML document?

What section of an HTML document contains metadata, the title, and linked stylesheets?

What section of an HTML document contains the visible page content?

What tag sets the title shown in the browser tab?

What does the tag do?

Declares the character encoding for the page so special characters display correctly

What is the difference between block-level and inline elements?

Block elements start on a new line and take full width; inline elements flow within text

Name three semantic HTML5 elements and what they represent.

Examples:

(page header),

(navigation links),

(page footer)

What is the purpose of the

tag?

Groups thematically related content, typically with its own heading

What does the

tag represent?

Self-contained content that could stand alone, like a blog post or news article

What is the difference between

and

?

is a non-semantic generic container;

implies meaningful grouped content

What tag is used to create a hyperlink?

What attribute on specifies the destination URL?

href

What value of the target attribute opens a link in a new tab?

_blank

What is the syntax for creating an ordered list?

with
1. items inside

What is the syntax for creating an unordered list?

with
• items inside

What tag creates a definition list, and what tags go inside it?

with

(term) and

(definition) inside

What attribute is required on every tag for accessibility?

alt — it provides alternative text for screen readers and when the image fails to load

What two attributes define an image's dimensions in HTML?

width and height

What tag is used to embed a video in HTML5?

What tag is used to embed audio in HTML5?

What attribute on

controls

What tag provides alternative media sources inside

What attribute on specifies the file location?

src

What attribute on tells the browser the file's MIME type?

type

What fallback content should be placed between

A message informing the user their browser does not support the video element

What tag is used to embed an external webpage or media inside a page?

What attribute on

src

What are the three ways to apply CSS to an HTML page?

Inline styles (style attribute), internal stylesheet (

What is the syntax of a CSS rule?

selector { property: value; }

What does the CSS selector * select?

All elements on the page (universal selector)

What is the difference between a class selector and an ID selector in CSS?

Class (.) can be used on multiple elements; ID (#) must be unique per page

What is CSS specificity?

The system that determines which CSS rule wins when multiple rules target the same element

Which has higher specificity: an ID selector or a class selector?

ID selector

What does the CSS box model consist of?

Content, padding, border, and margin — from inside out

What CSS property adds space inside an element between its content and its border?

padding

What CSS property adds space outside an element's border?

margin

What CSS property controls the color of text?

color

What CSS property controls the background color of an element?

background-color

What CSS property sets the font typeface?

font-family

What CSS property controls the size of text?

font-size

What CSS property makes text bold?

font-weight: bold

What CSS property controls the spacing between lines of text?

line-height

What CSS property hides an element but still keeps its space in the layout?

visibility: hidden

What CSS property removes an element from the layout entirely?

display: none

What does the alt attribute on do for accessibility?

It describes the image for screen readers and users who cannot see images

What is the purpose of in an HTML form, and how is it linked to an input?

It describes an input field; linked via the for attribute matching the input's id

What does WCAG stand for and why does it matter?

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines — the standard for making web content accessible to people with disabilities

What is the purpose of the lang attribute on the tag?

It declares the page's language, helping screen readers and search engines interpret content correctly

What heading tag should appear only once per page, representing the main topic?

Should heading levels be skipped (e.g. going from

to

)?

No — headings should follow a logical order without skipping levels for proper accessibility

What does "semantic HTML" mean?

Using HTML elements that convey meaning about the content, not just presentation

What is the role of the

element?

To mark up the primary navigation links of a page

What is the

element used for?

Content that is tangentially related to the main content, like a sidebar or callout

What is the

element used for?

Wraps the dominant content of the page; there should be only one per page

What does the tabindex attribute do?

Controls the order in which elements receive keyboard focus when the user presses Tab

What does aria-label do?

Provides an accessible name for an element that has no visible text label

What is a screen reader?

Assistive software that reads page content aloud for visually impaired users

What HTML attribute provides a tooltip and extra context on hover for any element?

title

What is the purpose of the tag inside a ?

It provides a visible title or description for the table, improving accessibility

What tag defines a table header cell, and how does it differ from ?

— bold and centered by default, and announces itself as a header to screen readers

What does the scope attribute on do?

Tells screen readers whether the header applies to a column or a row

What does the

and

combination do?

wraps media like an image;

provides a visible caption for it

What is the purpose of the tag?

Marks up an abbreviation and uses the title attribute to spell out the full term on hover

What does a CSS reset or normalize stylesheet do?

Removes or standardizes inconsistent default styles applied by different browsers

What is the purpose of a favicon?

A small icon shown in the browser tab, linked via in the

What does the viewport meta tag do?

Controls how the page scales on mobile devices — typically set to width=device-width, initial-scale=1

What is the default value of the CSS position property?

static

An element with position: relative is positioned relative to…

Its normal position in the document flow

Which position value makes an element scroll with the page until a threshold, then stick?

sticky

position: fixed positions an element relative to…

The viewport

position: absolute positions an element relative to…

Its nearest positioned ancestor

Which CSS properties are used to move a positioned element to its final location?

top, bottom, left, right

A static element is affected by the top/bottom/left/right properties. True or false?

False — static elements ignore those properties

What is the purpose of HTML entities?

To display reserved or special characters that would otherwise be interpreted as HTML

Which entity represents the < (less-than) symbol in HTML?

<

Which entity represents & (ampersand) in HTML?

&

Which entity represents a non-breaking space?

 

HTML entities can be written as named references or as…

Numeric character references (e.g. <)

What does the HTML form method attribute control?

How form data is sent to the server (GET or POST)

With method="get", form data is appended to the URL. What is the approximate character limit?

About 3000 characters

Which form method should NEVER be used to send sensitive data?

GET — because data appears in the URL

Which method appends form data inside the HTTP request body and has no size limit?

POST

What does method="dialog" do on a form inside a dialog element?

Closes the dialog and fires a submit event without sending data

Form submissions using POST can be bookmarked. True or false?

False — POST submissions cannot be bookmarked

Which HTML tag is used to embed video content in a page?

What are the three video formats natively supported in HTML?

MP4, WebM, and OGG

What attribute on

controls

Which

poster

What is the purpose of placing multiple tags inside

The browser picks the first format it supports

What text placed between tags is for?

Fallback content shown in browsers that don't support the video element

Which

loop

Does position: relative remove an element from the normal document flow?

No — it stays in the flow; other content is not adjusted to fill any gap

If you set top: 30px on a position: relative element, which direction does it move?

Down — it shifts 30px away from its normal top edge

Can a position: relative element overlap other elements?

Yes — because it is visually offset but still occupies its original space

What happens to surrounding content when a fixed element is removed from the flow?

Other elements behave as if the fixed element does not exist and fill the space

A fixed element does not move when the page is scrolled. True or false?

True — it always stays in the same viewport position

What common use case is position: fixed ideal for?

Navigation bars or headers that should always be visible while scrolling