N332 Exam 1

Double the birth weight by
Triple the birth weight by

6 months; 1 year

When does separation anxiety start?

10-12 months

6 fine motor developments during infancy

Grasping object 2-3 months
Palmar grasp at 6 months
Transfer object b/w hands at 7 months
Pincer grasp at 8-9 months

Put objects in container and bang them together 10-12 months

When should infants be able to roll from belly to back? Sit alone? Move from prone to sitting position?

5 to 6 months
7 months
10 months

3 stages of locomotion in infancy

Crawling 6-7 months
Creeping at 9 months, standing with pulling
Walk w/ assistance at 11 months and alone at 12 months

Sensorimotor stage

Age: 0-24 months
Key milestone: Object permanence, self-image

Infants learn about the word through senses and motor actions, coordinating sensroy experiences with actions

6 milestones in language development in infancy

6 week - vocalizations, smiling

4 months - coo, gurgle, laugh

8 months - imitate sounds + consonants

9-10 months - understand no and follow commands

10-11 months - ascribe meaning to wrod

1 year - 3-5 words with meaning

when and how do you introduce solid foods?

introduce foods at intervals of 4-7 days for allergies

How much sleep does an infant need?

~15 hours

When should you have the first dental visit? When do you use tooth paste?

6 months; 2 years

Colic 6 signs

Abdominal pain

Cramping

Crying 3’s

Drawing up legs to abdomen
Symptomss increase in late afternoon
< 3 months old

Apparent Life-threatening event 3 signs

Apnea
Change in color or muscle tone
Choking, gagging, coughing

Trust vs. Mistrust

Infants building trust w/ caregivers
Help by responding to crying, keeping parent near, same staff, include play

Toddlers age range

12 to 36 months

When should the anterior fontanel close?

By 12 months

When should toddlers run and climb stairs?

18 months and 2 years

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Toddlers assert their independence by exploring, performing self-help acivities like toilet training

Conflict is developing a sense of autonomy or developing shame and doubt about their competence

Ritualization provides a sense of comfort

Sensorimotor phase in toddlers

Tertiary circular reactions at 13-18 months
Increased experimentation
Imitation and domestic mimicry are common
Awareness of causal relationships ex/ light switch
Awareness of spatial relationships like fitting things into another

Preconceptual phase

2-4 years old
Egocentric, pre logical thinking
Ask why and how?

Birth weight should _ by 2.5 years old

Quadruple

Sphincter control starts at

18-24 months

Locomotion in toddlers

18 months - run
2 years - climbs stairs
Improves coordination b/w 2-3 years

Physiologic anorexia

A natural decrease in appetite that occurs in toddlers as they grow

Initiative vs. Guilt

Consider new ideas, exploring the world
Guilt, anxiety, fear may result from thoughts that differ from expected behavior
Moral development

Preoperational phase

Spans 2 to 7 years old
Preconceptual 2-4 years - magical thinking, animism
Intuitive thought 4-7 years
Shifts from egocentric to social awareness, still very prevalant

Associative play

Playing with others

HR for infant, toddler, preschool, school age, pre-adolescent, adolescent

Infant (1 mon- 1yr) 80-150
Toddler (1-3 yr) 75-130
Preschool (3-5 yr) 75-120
School age (6-11) 70-110
Pre-adolescent (11-13) 70-110
Adolescent (13-18) 60-105

RR for infant- adolescent

Infant (1 mon- 1yr) 30-60
Toddler (1-3 yr) 25-35
Preschool (3-5 yr) 22-32
School age (6-11) 20-30
Pre-adolescent (11-13) 18-22
Adolescent (13-18) 16-22

BP Ranges for infant thru adolescent

Infant (1 mon- 1yr) 90-110/55-65
Toddler (1-3 yr) 95-105/55-70
Preschool (3-5 yr) 100-110/55-70
School age (6-11) 100-120/60-75
Pre-adolescent (11-13) 105-125/60-80
Adolescent (13-18) 110-130/60-80

Height and weight increase of school-age children

2 inches/year
2-3 kg /year

Average age of puberty in girls and boys

Girls - 12
Boys 14

Industry vs. Inferiority

Eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful and socially useful work
Acquiring a sense of personal and interpersonal competence
Peer appoval, feeling degree of inferiority regarding skills they cannot master

Concrete Operations

Use thought processes to experience events and actions
Relationships between things and ideas, logical thought
Conservation

Cooperative play

Found in school-age children
Includes team play, rules and rituals

ADolescent growth spurt

20-25% of total height is achieved during puberty

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Group identity and alienation
Develpment of personal identity
Sex role identity
Emotionality

Formal operations

Think beyond present and abstract thinking
Mental manipulation of multiple variables
Concerned for others’ thoughts and needs