Medical Terminology Final Exam Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering anatomy, terminology, and pathology of the Urinary, Male Reproductive, and Female Reproductive systems.

What is the primary goal of the urinary system?

To maintain homeostasis by monitoring and regulating the composition of extracellular fluids.

Where are the kidneys located in relation to the peritoneum?

They are retroperitoneal, meaning they sit behind the peritoneum.

What is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation?

The nephron.

Describe the path of urine from the renal calyces to the point of exit.

Filtrate is collected in the renal calyces, flows into the renal pelvis, travels down the ureters to the bladder, and exits via the urethra.

What does the medical term 'Azotemia' refer to?

Nitrogenous compounds in the blood.

What is 'Lithotripsy'?

The surgical crushing of a stone (calculus).

What is 'Pyelonephritis'?

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney.

What is the function of the glomerulus wall?

It prevents large proteins and blood cells from entering the urine during blood filtration.

Which male hormone is responsible for libido and secondary sex characteristics?

Testosterone.

Where specifically inside the testes does sperm production occur?

In the seminiferous tubules.

What is the role of the epididymis?

It is a coiled tube on top of the testes where sperm are stored and matured.

What duct transports sperm from the epididymis toward the pelvic cavity?

Vas Deferens.

What is the function of the alkaline fluid secreted by the prostate gland?

It protects sperm from the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract.

What percentage of seminal fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles?

$60\%$.

What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate common in older men.

What is a vasectomy?

A sterilization procedure involving the bilateral cutting of the vas deferens.

Which hormones are produced in the ovaries?

Estrogen and Progesterone.

Name the three layers of the uterus from inner to outer.

Endometrium, Myometrium, and Perimetrium.

What is 'Menarche'?

The very first menstrual period.

What is the term for the release of a mature ovum from a Graafian follicle?

Ovulation.

What structures create currents to sweep the ovum into the fallopian tubes?

Fimbriae.

What is a 'Zygote'?

The cell formed by the union of sperm and ovum.

Define the stage of development known as the 'Embryo'.

The product of conception from implantation until the end of the $2nd$ month.

When does the 'Fetus' stage of development occur?

From the $3rd$ month until birth.

What is defined as the 'Dilation' stage of labor?

From the start of contractions until the cervix is $10\,\text{cm}$ dilated.

What happens during the 'Placental Stage' of labor?

The delivery of the placenta (afterbirth) following the baby's birth.

What do the suffixes -ectasis and -stenosis mean?

-ectasis means dilation or stretching; -stenosis means narrowing or stricture.

What do the prefixes 'Poly-' and 'Primi-' mean?

'Poly-' means many or much; 'Primi-' means first.