Gas Laws, Solutions, and Acid-Base Chemistry Review

What causes pressure?

Pressure is caused by gas particles colliding with the walls of a container.

What is compressibility?

Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure.

What happens when the internal pressure of a container is less than the external pressure?

Air will rush in when the container is opened.

What happens when the internal pressure is greater than the external pressure?

Air will rush out when the container is opened.

What gas law variables are directly proportional?

Temperature and pressure are directly proportional; temperature and volume are also directly proportional.

What gas law variables are inversely proportional?

Volume and pressure are inversely proportional.

What is an ideal gas?

An ideal gas behaves according to the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of gas particles from high concentration to low concentration.

What is effusion?

Effusion is the escape of gas particles through a hole in a container.

What determines the rate at which a gas diffuses or effuses?

The molar mass of a gas determines the rate of effusion and diffusion.

What units should be used for pressure in the ideal gas law?

Pressure can be measured in atm or kPa.

What units should be used for volume in the ideal gas law?

Volume should be measured in liters.

What units should be used for temperature in the ideal gas law?

Temperature should be measured in Kelvin.

What is the value of R in the ideal gas law?

R = 8.314 L-kPa/(K-mol) or R = 0.00206 L-atm/(K-mol).

What is a solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent and a solute.

How do ionic compounds dissolve in water?

Ionic compounds dissociate into ions when they dissolve.

How do molecular compounds dissolve in water?

Molecular compounds are surrounded by water molecules without breaking bonds.

What are the differences between solutions, colloids, and suspensions?

Solutions have the smallest particle size, colloids have medium size and scatter light, and suspensions have the largest size and settle out.

What is solubility?

Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent.

What factors influence solubility?

Agitation, surface area, temperature, and pressure influence solubility.

What is concentration?

Concentration is the actual amount of solute dissolved below the saturation point.

What is a strong electrolyte?

A strong electrolyte completely dissociates and conducts a strong electric current.

What is a weak electrolyte?

A weak electrolyte only partially dissociates.

What is an amphoteric substance?

An amphoteric substance can act as either an acid or a base.

What is the Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases?

The Arrhenius theory states that acids produce H+ and bases produce OH-.

What is the Brønsted-Lowry Theory of acids and bases?

The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that acids donate H+ and bases accept H+.