Chapters 4, 5, 7, 8 Quiz

Shannon-Weaver communication model

1. sender takes a thought

2. encodes it into a message

3. sends message to receiver

4. receiver decodes message

5. receiver sends feedback to sender

ethnocentrism

considering your own cultural values more important than those of others

cultural imposition

forcing your values onto others

noise

anything that dampens/obscures true meaning of a message

open-ended question

requires some level of detail in the response

closed-ended questions

can be answered in short responses

Golden Rules

helps to calm and reassure a patient

emotional intelligence

the ability to understand and manage your own emotions and properly respond to others’

mission-critical communications

required communication to complete a task

mental model

picture that individuals have in their head of “what’s going on”

patient care handover

transfer of pertinent patient information and responsibility for patient care

SBAR

situation, background, assessment, recap/treatment (used for handover report)

SBAT

situation, background, assessment, treatment (used for handover report)

patient care report (PCR)

legal document used to record all aspects of care your patient received from dispatch to hospital arrival

CHART

chief complaint, history, assessments, treatment (Rx), transport

SOAP

subjective, objective, assessment, plan

health information exchanges (HIEs)

electronic sharing of data between EMS and health care providers

SAFR

search, alert, file, reconcile (used for HIEs)

base station

any radio hardware containing transmitter and receiver located in fixed place

two-way radio

consists of transmitter and receiver

channel

assigned frequency(ies) used to carry voice and/or data communications

dedicated line/hotline

private pathway reserved exclusively for 1 user, specific point-to-point contact

VHF

very high frequency, 30-300 MHz

UHF

ultra high frequency, 300-3000 MHz

repeater

receivers messages/signals on one frequency, retransmits them on a second frequency, allows for longer distance communication

telemetry

converts electronic signals into coded, audible signals

cellular telephone

communicates through cells (interconnected repeater stations)

satellite phone

use satellites

scanner

radio receiver that scans across several frequencies until it finds one in use and stops

simplex

push to talk, release to listen

duplex

simultaneous talk-listen

multiplex

uses 2+ frequencies, enables more than one transmission to occur simultaneously (ex. audio and data)

MED channels

channels reserved for EMS use

trunking

800 MHz, computer puts you on open frequency to monitor and ease load/demand

interoperable communications system

allows all agencies involved to share valuable information in real time, for large scale emergencies

mobile data terminals (MDTs)

small computer inside ambulance that receives data from dispatch center, allow for expanded communication such as maps

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

regulates all radio operations in the United States

standing orders

written documents signed by medical director outlining directions, permissions, and prohibitions regarding patient care

root word

body part, organ, organ systemp

prefix

location, intensity

suffix

procedure, condition, disease, part of speech

cyan/o

blue

leuk/o

white

erythr/o

red

cirrh/o

yellow

melan/o

black

superior vs inferior

top vs bottom

lateral vs medial

away from midline vs towards midline

proximal vs distal

closer to trunk vs farther away from trunk

superficial vs deep

on vs further inside

ventral/anterior vs dorsal/posterior

front/chest vs back/spine

palmar vs plantar

palm of hand vs sole of foot

apex (pl. apices)

tip of structure

flexion

bending of joint

extension

straightening of joint

adduction

motion towards midline

abduction

motion away from midline

prone

lying face down

supine

lying face up

Fowler position

patient who is sitting upright

Semi-Fowler position

patient sits with back at 45 degree angle

High-Fowler position

patient sits at 90-degree angle

neonates

birth to 1 month

infants

1 month to 1 year

barotrauma

forceful ventilations and overinflation can result in pressure-induced trauma

moro reflex

when neonate startled, opens arms wide and spreads its fingers to grab

palmar grasp

grasps object placed in neonate’s palm

rooting reflex

when something touches neonate’s cheek, turns its head towards touch

sucking reflex

sucks when neonate’s lips are stroked

fontanelles

spaces between bones that eventually fuse to form the skull

secure attachment

healthy emotional bond

anxious-avoidant attachment

little emotional response to parents or caregivers, treat parents like strangers

trust and mistrust

birth to 18 months, figuring out who they can trust

toddler

1 to 3 years

preschooler

3 to 6 years

school-age children

6 to 12 years

preconventional reasoning

children act purely to avoid punishment and get what they want

conventional reasoning

children look for approval from peers and society

postconventional reasoning

children make decisions guided by their conscience

adolescents

12 to 18 years

growth spurts

girls by 16, boys by 18

early adults

19 to 40 years

middle adults

41 to 60 years

older adults

61 years and older

atherosclerosis

buildup of cholesterol and calcium along blood vessel walls

sacrum

fused and heavily weight bearing, base of the spinal column

body mechanics

relationship between body’s anatomic structures and physical forces (lifting, moving, carrying)

power lift

lifting using properly placed flexed legs

power grip

palms up, thumbs outaward for maximum force

emergency moves

used when potential for danger before assessment and care are provided

rapid extrication technique

used when patient is sitting in vehicle and must be urgently moved, ONLY FOR EMERGENCIES

direct ground lift

curling patient from lying on side with 3 people

extremity lift

good for small spaces, good for nonspinal injuries, one lifts under arms, one lifts legs

direct carry

similar to extremity lift, from bed to stretcher

draw sheet method

log roll patient to put sheet under, roll up blanket for good hold

scoop stretcher

put pieces under patient and fasten together

bariatrics

management of obesity and allied diseases