Formal Arguments

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Last updated 9:11 PM on 5/14/26
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4 Terms

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Conditional Argument - Formal Argument 1

  • Membership in Set A is sufficient for membership in Set B

A → B

xA


xB

  • If one is a Jedi, then one is a Force user. Luke is a Jedi. Therefore, Luke uses the Force.

  • If one lives in New York City, then one lives in the United States. Tom lives in New York City. Therefore, Tom lives in the United States.

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Contrapositive Argument - Formal Argument 2

A → B

x/B


x/A

  • If one is a Jedi, then one is a Force user. Athena is not a Force user. Therefore, Athena is not a Jedi.

  • If one lives in New York City, then one lives in the United States. Alan does not live in the United States. Therefore, Alan does not live in New York City.

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