Breeding Programs and Identification Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts related to breeding programs, identification systems, and genetic principles addressed in the lecture on these topics.

Multiple birth (MB) species

Species that bear multiple offspring in one reproduction, such as litter-bearing and egg-laying species.

Single birth (SB) species

Species that typically produce a single offspring at a time, with occasional twins or triplets.

Effective population size (Ne)

A measure of the genetically effective population that accounts for factors like inbreeding and variance in offspring numbers.

Inbreeding

The breeding of closely related individuals which can lead to a loss of genetic diversity and an increase in the expression of deleterious traits.

Identification system

A structured method for uniquely identifying animals in a breeding program, which includes visual markers and non-visual backups.

QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci)

Sections of DNA that are associated with a particular trait, used as markers in breeding programs for selection purposes.

Marker-assisted selection

A method that uses genetic markers to assist in the selection of desirable traits in breeding programs.

Base population

The initial group of animals used in a breeding program, serving as the foundation for future generations.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism determined by genetics and environment.

EBV (Estimated Breeding Value)

A prediction of an individual's genetic value as a parent, based on performance data.

Mating scheme

The strategy used for breeding animals to achieve specific genetic outcomes.

Pedigree checking

The process of verifying relationships among individuals in a breeding program to manage inbreeding.

Selection goals

Objectives set for a breeding program based on desired traits and performance outcomes.

Full sib progeny

Offspring that are siblings and share both parents, used for increasing accuracy in breeding values.

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

A variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome and is used as a marker in genetic studies.

Quality Assurance program

A systematic process to ensure that products and services meet specified requirements and maintain high quality.

Sex-limited traits

Traits that are expressed differently in males and females, often depending on the sex of the animal.