Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals Lecture Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover key terms, functions, and recommended intakes regarding fats, vitamins, and minerals as discussed in Chapters 5, 7, and 8.

Adipose tissue

The tissue where the body stores any extra energy from foods like tuna, chicken, and lean meats that it does not immediately need.

Fat-soluble vitamins

A category of vitamins that includes Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Triglycerides

A type of lipid whose major physiologic function is to serve as stored energy.

Essential fatty acid deficiency

A condition associated with symptoms such as skin lesions and scaliness, often putting patients with fat malabsorption at risk.

Phospholipids

Important lipids that serve as components of cell membranes.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Fatty acids commonly found in fish and fish oils, such as those in a grilled tuna sandwich.

Sterol

The chemical classification of cholesterol.

Liver

The organ that primarily synthesizes cholesterol.

Monounsaturated fat

The primary type of fat found in foods like olive oil and avocados.

Small intestine

The anatomical site where the majority of chemical fat digestion occurs.

AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) for Fat

The recommendation that 20–30% of total daily calories should come from fat.

LDL

The lipoprotein known as “bad cholesterol.”

HDL

A lipoprotein that, at high levels, serves to decrease heart disease risk.

Vitamin A

A vitamin essential for vision and immune system health.

Vitamin D

A vitamin primarily responsible for bone health and calcium absorption; it can be synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight.

Vitamin C

A vitamin known for its role in collagen formation and wound healing, with a recommended daily intake of $90\,mg$ for adult men.

Rickets

A condition in children that can be caused by a deficiency in Vitamin D.

Vitamin K

A vitamin essential for blood clotting, with dark green leafy vegetables being a main dietary source.

Vitamin E

A vitamin whose primary role in the body is providing antioxidant protection.

Vitamin B6

A vitamin crucial for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and red blood cells.

Iron

A mineral essential for oxygen transport in the blood; for adult women aged 19-50, the recommended daily intake is $18\,mg$.

Calcium

A mineral whose primary function is bone and teeth health, with a recommended daily intake of $1000\,mg$ for adults aged 19-50.

Sodium

A mineral important for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function.

Iodine

A mineral necessary for thyroid hormone production.

Zinc

A mineral important for immune function and wound healing.