Government

What are one of the three branches

Legislative

What are one of the three branches

Executive

What are one of the three branches

Judicial

What does the Legislative (congress) branch do

Make laws

What does the Judicial (congress) branch do

Interprets laws

What does the Executive (President & bureaucracy) branch do

enforces laws

How many members are in the House of Representatives

435

How many terms can people in the House of Representatives serve

2- year

How old must you be to be in the House of Representatives

25

What is the representation based of of in the House of Representatives

population

What does the House of Representatives do

Starts revenue bills and impeachment charges

How many members are in the Senate

100

What is the term limit in the Senate

6 years

How old must you be to be in the Senate

30 years

How many representation is in the Senate

2 per state

What does the Senate do

Tries impeachments, approves treaties and appointments

What is one power of the Congress

Tax and spend money (“power of the purse”)

What is one power of the Congress

Regulate interstate and foreign commerce

What is one power of the Congress

Coin money and regulate its value

What is one power of the Congress

Declare war

What is one power of the Congress

Approve military funding and Raise and support an army and navy

What is one power of the Congress

Override vetoes (2/3 vote)

Filibuster

delays Senate vote

Cloture

60 votes to end filibuster

Conference committee

resolves House/Senate bill differences

Standing committees

Permanent law-review groups

What is one Requirement for being president

35 years old

What is one Requirement for being president

Natural-born citizen

What is one Requirement for being president

14 years U.S. resident

What is one Requirement for being president

Limited to two terms

What is one Major role of the president

Chief executive – enforces laws

What is one Major role of the president

Commander in chief – controls military

What is one Major role of the president

Chief diplomat – leads foreign policy

What is one Major role of the president

Legislative leader – proposes laws, vetoes bills

What is one Major role of the president

Head of state & morale leader – symbolic leadership

What is one key power of the President

Veto legislation

What is one key power of the President

Appoint judges, ambassadors, cabinet

What is one key power of the President

Grant pardons for federal crimes

What is one key power of the President

Make treaties (Senate approves)

What is one key power of the President

Send troops abroad (War Powers limits)

Bureaucracy & Executive Departments

Made of career government employees (bureaucrats)

Bureaucracy & Executive Departments

Organized in departments → bureaus → agencies

Bureaucracy & Executive Departments

Cabinet secretaries lead departments

Bureaucracy & Executive Departments

OMB prepares the federal budget

Lawmaking Process Basics

Bill introduced in Congress

Lawmaking Process Basics

Committee review

Lawmaking Process Basics

Debate and vote in House & Senate

Lawmaking Process Basics

Conference committee (if needed)

Lawmaking Process Basics

Sent to President

If a bill is sent to the President what is one thing that could happen

Sign → law

If a bill is sent to the President what is one thing that could happen

Veto → Congress can override (2/3)

If a bill is sent to the President what is one thing that could happen

No action for 10 days → becomes law (if Congress in session)

Impeachment

House: brings charges (articles of impeachment)

Impeachment after the House: brings charges

Senate: holds trial

Impeachment after the House: brings charges and the Senate: holds trial

Applies to president, vice president, and federal judges

Elections & Representation

House directly elected since founding

Elections & Representation

Senators directly elected after 17th Amendment (1913)

Elections & Representation

Electoral College chooses the president

Foreign & Military Policy

President manages crises

Foreign & Military Policy

Last formal declaration of war: World War II

what is one was the President manages a crises

Military action

What is one was the President manages a crises

Diplomacy

What is one was the President manages a crises

Working with Congress

What is one power of the Congress

Establish post offices

What is one power of the Congress

Establish federal courts below the Supreme Court

What is one power of the Congress

Make laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Preparing and submitting a proposed federal budget through the executive branch.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Serving as head of state and head of government.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Calling Congress into a special session when necessary

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Recommending legislation and presenting policy goals.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Delivering the State of the Union address.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Granting pardons and reprieves for federal offenses, except in cases of impeachment.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Vetoing bills passed by Congress.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Appointing ambassadors, federal judges, and executive officials, often with Senate approval

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Conducting foreign relations and negotiating treaties.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Serving as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

What is one of the powers, responsibilities, and roles of the President

Enforcing federal laws

What government officials can be impeached

The President, Vice President, and other federal civil officers, including federal judges

What can the President do to influence a member of Congress's vote

Persuade lawmakers through meetings and speeches.

What can the President do to influence a member of Congress's vote

Negotiate compromises.

What can the President do to influence a member of Congress's vote

Offer political support or campaign endorsements

What can the President do to influence a member of Congress's vote

Appeal to the public to pressure Congress.

What can the President do to influence a member of Congress's vote

Use bargaining and negotiations to build support for legislation

What is the significance of the War Powers Act

designed to limit the President's ability to involve U.S. forces in hostilities without congressional authorization.

The War Powers Resolution of 1973

The President must notify Congress within 48 hours of introducing forces into hostilities or certain imminent-hostility situations.

The War Powers Resolution of 1973

Forces generally must be withdrawn within 60 days unless Congress authorizes the action or extends the period, with up to 30 additional days for withdrawal when necessary.

The War Powers Resolution of 1973

It aims to preserve Congress's constitutional role in decisions about war.

Who formally prepares the federal budget for a President?

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Who is the highest-ranking party officer in the U.S. Congress

The Speaker of the House

What are the limits on a President's pardon power

Cannot pardon someone to stop impeachment or erase its consequences

What are the limits on a President's pardon power

Cannot use a pardon to overturn a civil judgment or erase the underlying historical facts

Assuming all 100 Senators are present, what is the minimum number of Senators needed to end a filibuster?

60 Senators

Which Constitutional Amendment limits a President to two four-year terms?

The 22nd Amendment, ratified in 1951.

What happens if the House and Senate pass different versions of a bill?

A conference committee may be formed to work out the differences.

What is a filibuster?

A Senate tactic used to delay or block action on a bill or other matter.

Why is a filibuster used?

To prevent a vote, delay legislation, or force negotiation and compromise.

How can a filibuster be stopped

The Senate can invoke cloture, which generally requires 60 votes for legislation when all 100 seats are filled.

What is the significance of Article I of the U.S. Constitution

establishes the legislative branch,

Who proposed a single executive as President rather than a group of people

James Wilson was a prominent supporter of a single executive during the Constitutional Convention.

What is a bureaucrat?

A bureaucrat is a government employee who works in an agency or department to administer programs, enforce regulations, and carry out government policies and laws