Intro to Comparative Policy - Test 2

What are the five parts of democracy

Elections

Representation

Participation

Pluralism

Individual, social, & Human rights

What are elections in a democratic system

Selections of governing elite by mass suffering with free choice, turnover, and election at regular individuals

What is Representation in a democratic system

Basis of legitimate / Support that the people are represented by government elite through elections

What is Participation in a democratic system

People have the right to participate and are expected to participate furthermore the ability to run in politics is not concealed to the few elite but people also have the right to participate in gov.

What is Pluralism in a democratic system

there are different interests and conflicts between those interests are expected. Mechanism to channel interest are provided by the system. These could lead to possible threats to the government with ideas that are anti regime forces however a established democracy should have a way to deal with it and the legitimacy in the people should uphold the regime

What are Individual, social & Human rights in a democratic system

These are rights guaranteed and protected by the state government

Basic assumption is that in society individuals are free rational independent, entities born with inalienable rights and property. State may protect the basic freedoms

Does Totalitarian government have an ideology and if yes what is it?

Yes, includes all other belief systems other than the government.

Ex: Stalin getting rid of all the churches to get rid of a higher power

Does Totalitarian create a change in society status quo and social class

Yes, there is a change in status quo and social class usually to promote the new goals of the government.

Ex: Hitler established a hierarchal race system

Does totalitarian government have Participation of the people and if so how

Yes, Totalitarian government use various types of participation to mobilize their citizens such as forced elections, forced patriosim, and forced rallies

Ex: whenever Hitler introduced the perfect communist man, are the camps for children to become good communist citizen, elections where people are forced to participate and there is no real choice, and rallies in support of the government but these are mandatory

Are citizens rights protected in totalitarian

No

Is there an ideology in Radical Authoritarian

Yes, there is and it usually an ideology which legitimates the radical change in status quo.

Ex; Iran, religion which sits values and people are expected to emulate.

Is there change in society status quo/ social class in Radical Authoritarian

Yes, there is change is tatus quo and society usually in support of the change of the government

Ex: 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran where women were free to chose how they dressed and now are forced to follow the theocracy and are restricted in what they can wear, attending school, and human rights

Is there participation of people in a radical authoritarian

There is participation as people are expected to follow the religion of the state wholly further while the candidates are selected by the church the usually selective pool of citizens who are allowed to vote can vote for the winner however the legitimacy of these elections are debatable

Do radical authoritarian government protect peoples rights

No

Does Conservative Authoritarian allow for Ideology

No, if thre is an ideology present it is conservative and traditional

Ex: Jane Eire and concept of Nobles Oblige in where the rich want to help the poor enough for where they feel good but not enough where they are richer than them.

Does Conservative Authoritarian have a change in society ?

No. Regime support traditional quo.

ex: Monarch do not want to alter the system they want to stay in power as long as possible and as long as there is not total power than it is not a totalitarian

Is there participation of the people in Conservative Authoritarian

No, they expect and require subject political cultural, where people see themselves as passive recipients of the central government instead of active participants

Ex: Spain under Franco

Are citizens right protected under Conservative authoritarian

No.

What are the types of government under Conservative Authoritarian

Dynasty. Monarch

Tyranny

Military

Single Party Regime

What are the types of government under Radical Authoritarian

Military and Single Party Regime

What type of governments can you have under Totalitarian

Military and Single Party Regime

What are the Nine aspects of totalitarian government

Totalist ideology

Ruling elite is highly centralized and homoogenous

Total mobilization of society to achive its goals

Corceion - state / State terrorism

Nationalism to the exteme

Single Political / Party

The economy may be centerally planned under control of state

Single Leader with a cult of personality

Use of Propganda

Democratic Backsliding

Denotes the state led debilitation or elimination of any of the political institutions that sustain an existing democracy

Open ended Coup d’etat

Illegal attempts by military or other state elites to oust a sitting executive

Ex: Military coups gave rise to long lasting and brutal dictatorships during the Cold War, They hace decreased in popularity and successful coups have decreased even more

Promissory Coups

Frame the ouster of an elected government as a defense of democratic legality and make a public promise to hold elections and restore democracy as soon as possible

Ex: 1991 Hattian coup took president Jean Bernard Astride from office to connection of democratic process however showed that was never the plan due to military violence

Executive Aggrandizement

Common force of backsliding occurs when elected executives weaken checks on executive power one by one undertaking a series of instructional changes that hamper the power of opposition forces to challenge preferences

Ex: Trukey’s president won a 2002 elections and implemented laws that corrupted parliament and limited rights

Election day fraud

This has been a lot less common because of the protections which are put in place to catch voter fraud such as election monitoring and a survey in African elections found that fraud

Strategic harassment and manipulation

a range of actions aimed at tilling the electoral playing field in favor of incumbents

Ex: subtle election fraud, using government fund for incumbent, keeping candidate off the ballot, packing electoral commissions, and changing electoral rules

Change in Pace

tend to be incremental rather than sudden alteration in electoral law, distinct countries, electoral commission and voter registration procedures

Rational responses

Muster opponents of backsliding are more likely to be successful if they recognize that current trends are not random but rational responses to local and international incitive

Vexing ambiguity

Democratic backsliding is being legitimized by the very democratic procedure therefore there must be aware of what is motivating each group to backside

A better mix

These are serious problems but not as bad as before