Nursing Practice III - Set A Summative Examination Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology, and administrative principles from the Nursing Practice III (NP III) Set A Summative Preboard Exam.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A condition characteristically presenting before age 30 in thin patients, marked by the presence of islet cell antibodies and ketosis.

Ketoacids

Byproducts produced by fat breakdown in the absence of insulin that cause a fruity acetone breath.

Deficient Fluid Volume in DKA

A priority nursing problem in diabetic ketoacidosis resulting from severe osmotic diuresis and vomiting that threatens circulation.

Hypokalemia

An electrolyte imbalance resulting from profuse diarrhea in conditions like Crohn's disease, manifested by weakness, tingling, and flattened T waves on an ECG.

Parenteral Nutrition Line Flushing

A maintenance procedure performed strictly per protocol using saline or heparin; antibiotics are never used to flush a PN line.

Cisplatin

An alkylating-like platinum antineoplastic agent classified as cell cycle phase-nonspecific because it acts during any phase.

Post-Thoracic Surgery Hemorrhage

A surgical emergency indicated by chest tube drainage of $100\,\text{mL/hr}$ or more of bright red blood, requiring immediate notification of the surgeon.

Perineal Prostatectomy

A surgical prostatectomy approach carrying the highest risk of postoperative impotence and incontinence resulting from nerve damage.

Line Authority

An organizational management principle defined as direct authority and responsibility over subordinates.

Situational Leadership

A leadership model wherein the leader adapts their style to the specific situation and followers to support positive outcomes.

Operational Budget

An administrative budget that covers day-to-day organizational expenses, such as medical and unit supplies.

Air Embolism

A complication of central line and parenteral nutrition therapy characterized by the sudden onset of chest pain, dyspnea, and cyanosis.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

The most common causative bacterial pathogen of pneumonia.

Fine Crackles

Adventitious breath sounds produced by consolidation and fluid within the alveoli.

Stage 3 HIV (AIDS)

The stage of human immunodeficiency virus infection defined by a CD4 count falling below $200$.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

An antiretroviral preventive drug intervention that must be initiated within $72\,\text{hours}$ following exposure to HIV.

Intrapleural Pressure

The pressure inside the pleural space that is normally negative; loss of this negative pressure leads to lung collapse.

Water Seal Restoration

An emergency nursing action where the disconnected end of a chest tube is submerged into a bottle of sterile water to re-establish the seal rather than clamping it.

Delayed (Type IV) Latex Hypersensitivity

A cell-mediated latex allergy reaction characterized by localized skin manifestations, including papules, vesicles, and pruritus.

Type I IgE-Mediated Latex Reaction

A systemic hypersensitivity reaction presenting with urticaria, swelling, and wheezing that leads to anaphylaxis and requires first-line treatment with epinephrine.

Serosanguineous Drainage

A normal, expected postoperative wound fluid observed during the early stages of healing.

Stress Incontinence

Involuntary loss of urine triggered by increased abdominal pressure during actions such as coughing or sneezing.

Kegel Exercise

A pelvic muscle rehabilitation technique performed by contracting the pelvic floor muscles, holding for several seconds, and then relaxing.

Bone Marrow Biopsy

The definitive diagnostic examination used to confirm the presence of leukemia.

Platelet Transfusion in Leukemia

A supportive blood product administration indicated when platelet counts drop below $20{,}000/\text{cu mm}$ due to elevated hemorrhage risk.

ST Segment Elevation

The classic electrocardiographic finding indicative of acute myocardial infarction.

Myocardial Necrosis Window

The period of time during acute myocardial infarction in which cardiac tissue can survive—up to about $6\,\text{hours}$—before irreversible necrosis occurs.

Glomerular Permeability in Nephrotic Syndrome

A pathological increase in the permeability of the glomerulus that permits protein leakage into urine, resulting in generalized facial edema, weight gain, and frothy urine.

Rovsing's Sign

An assessment indicator of appendicitis elicited when palpation of the left iliac fossa produces pain on the right side.

Enema Contraindication in Appendicitis

The clinical standard to strictly avoid enemas in suspected appendicitis because administration can cause the appendix to rupture.