ANSC B6 Midterm

Which nutrient is needed in the greatest daily amount

water

Which nutrient supplies 4 kcal per gram?

Carbohydrate

Which nutrient is most concentrated in energy?

Fat

What is a nutrient?

A substance the body needs to function

What does maintenance requirement mean?

Nutrients needed to keep an animal functioning

Which nutrient helps build and repair body tissues?

Protein

Which is a macromineral?

Calcium

Which animal is a ruminant?

Cow

Which stomach compartment is the true stomach?

Abomasum

Where does most microbial fermentation occur in cattle?

Rumen

What is rumination?

Regurgitating and rechewing cud

Which animal is a monogastric?

Pig

What is the main job of the small intestine?

Digest and absorb nutrients

What do rumen microbes help cattle use?

Fiber

Which compartment traps dense objects and helps sort particles?

Reticulum

Which sequence correctly shows energy partitioning?

GE-DE-ME-NE

What is subtracted from gross energy to obtain digestible energy?

Fecal Energy

What is subtracted from DE to obtain ME?

Urinary and gaseous energy losses

What is net energy used for?

Maintenance and production

What does metabolism refer to?

Chemical reactions that sustain life

Which is an example of catabolism?

Breaking down nutrients to release energy

Which is an example of anabolism?

Building new body tissue

If GE is 6.0 Mcal and fecal loss is 1.5 Mcal, what is DE?

4.5 Mcal

A feed is 40% dry matter. What percent is water?

60%

A cow eats 20 lb as-fed at 50% DM. How many lb DM?

10 lbs

A ration provides 12 lb DM and is 60% DM. How much as-fed feed?

20 lbs

A feed contains 18% CP. How much CP is in 10 lb DM?

1.8 lbs

A 1,000-lb animal eats 3% of BW. Estimated daily intake?

30 lbs

Which formula calculates dry matter intake?

As-fed intake × DM fraction

Which formula calculates as-fed amount from a DM target?

DM needed ÷ DM fraction

How many grams are approximately in one pound?

454 g

What does NRC/NASEM guidance help estimate?

Nutrient requirements for different animals

Which factor can increase an animal’s nutrient needs?

Lactation

Why do growing animals need adequate protein?

To build new tissue

Why are nutrient requirements not identical for all cattle?

Age, size, stage, and production differ

What does ppm mean on a feed label?

Parts per million

For feed concentrations, 1 ppm is equal to:

1 mg/kg

Which is commonly a high-energy cereal grain?

Corn

What carbohydrate supplies most energy in cereal grain kernels?

starch

Which grain is often called a cereal grain?

Barley

What is a major reason to process grain?

Improve access to nutrients

What does NDF help indicate?

Total cell-wall fiber and potential intake limits

What does ADF tend to relate to?

Forage digestibility

Which ingredient is usually a protein supplement?

Soybean meal

Why can feeding too much grain too quickly be risky for ruminants?

It can disrupt rumen pH and fermentation

What does guaranteed analysis provide?

Declared nutrient minimums or maximums

Which part of a feed tag lists what went into the product?

Ingredient list

Why must a medicated feed label be read carefully?

Species, use directions, and warnings matter

What does a feed tag’s intended species or class tell you?

Which animals the product is designed for

Why should sheep producers pay close attention to copper?

Sheep can be sensitive to excess copper

What does Ca:P refer to?

Calcium-to-phosphorus ratio

Why compare feeds on a dry-matter basis?

To remove differences caused by moisture

What is the first step when choosing a feed for a species?

Check intended use and animal class

Which label detail is especially important for medicated feeds?

Withdrawal and use directions

A lactating cow often needs more nutrients because she is:

Producing milk

Two feeds have different moisture levels. Best basis for nutrient comparison?

Dry Matter

Which choice best supports a balanced feeding decision?

Animal needs plus feed nutrients and label warnings